{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:50:11Z","timestamp":1793155811991,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04-03-11-1439RU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04-03-11-1439RU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GP-IPM\/2013\/9404100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GP-IPM\/2013\/9404100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with poor foetal growth and neonatal birth anthropometry. However, the associations were inconsistent and could be confounded by neonatal vitamin D status and genetic factors. Until recently, limited studies have concomitantly examined the effect of maternal and neonatal vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on neonatal birth anthropometry. This study aims to examine the independent and combined effects of maternal and neonatal vitamin D deficiency and vitamin-D-related SNPs on neonatal birth anthropometry. This cross-sectional study included 217 mother\u2013neonate dyads recruited from Hospital Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, between 2015 and 2017. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration was measured in maternal and umbilical cord blood using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Maternal and neonatal vitamin D Receptor (VDR) SNP (rs2228570) genotypes were determined using high-resolution melting (HRM). Group-specific component (GC) SNPs (rs4588 and rs7041) genotypes were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results showed that: (1) maternal vitamin D deficiency (25OHD &lt; 30 nmol\/L) was inversely associated with birth weight, head circumference and crown\u2013heel length; (2) neonatal SNPs, VDR rs2228570 and GC rs4588, were significantly associated with birth weight and head circumference, respectively; and (3) a potential interaction was observed between maternal VDR rs2228570 with maternal vitamin D deficiency on head circumference. These findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms of vitamin D on foetal growth are likely to be localised in the maternal compartment, mediated through the placenta, rather than through cellular mechanisms within the foetus. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate and extend these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1643320856000},"page":"564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Interplay between Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin-D-Related Gene Polymorphism with Neonatal Birth Anthropometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Siew Siew","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3968-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"King Hwa","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiza","family":"Tusimin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Court Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50450, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raman","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine and Gynaecology Centre (FMGC), Petaling Jaya 46200, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartini Farah","family":"Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avisena Specialist Hospital, Shah Alam 40000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5609-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Peng","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"},{"name":"Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0950115","article-title":"In utero programming of chronic disease","volume":"95","author":"Barker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. 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