{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:49:18Z","timestamp":1760150958026,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0907200 and 2017YFC0907201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0907200 and 2017YFC0907201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81230016 and 72174167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81230016 and 72174167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of birth defect control and prevention in Shaanxi","award":["Sxwsjswzfcght2016-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sxwsjswzfcght2016-013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to derive a maternal dietary pattern to explain the variation in B vitamins during pregnancy and to investigate this pattern in relation to birth outcomes. A total of 7347 women who gave birth to live newborns less than one year were included. Their dietary pattern during pregnancy was derived using the reduced-rank regression method with six B vitamins as response variables. Associations between dietary pattern score and birth weight, gestational age at delivery, birth weight Z score, low birth weight, preterm, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) were estimated using generalised linear mixed models. We identified a high B-vitamin dietary pattern characterised by high intakes of animal foods, vegetables, fungi and algae, legumes, and low intakes of oils and cereals. Women in the highest quartile of this pattern score had newborns with a 44.5 g (95% CI: 13.8, 75.2 g) higher birth weight, 0.101 (95% CI: 0.029, 0.172) higher birth weight Z score, and 27.2% (OR: 0.728; 95% CI: 0.582, 0.910) lower risk of SGA than those in the lowest quartile. Our study suggested that adherence to the high B-vitamin dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with a higher birth weight and a lower risk of SGA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1643501576000},"page":"600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations of B Vitamin-Related Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy with Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Study in Northwest China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7952-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanshan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danmeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baibing","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonghai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health Commission, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Disease Control and Prevention Division, Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7433-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingxia","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2788-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duolao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6980-8169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaonong","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60993-9","article-title":"Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: A pooled country analysis","volume":"382","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3698","article-title":"JAMA patient page. 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