{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:05:49Z","timestamp":1782536749714,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 104-2314-B-010-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 104-2314-B-010-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V99F-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V99F-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V101C-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V101C-118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cheng Hsin General Hospital, and the National Yang-Ming University Joint Research Program","award":["103F003C13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103F003C13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gastric bypass (GB) is an effective treatment for those who are morbidly obese with coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. Methods: We investigated the roles of FGF 19, FGF 21, and total bile acid among those with morbidly obese and T2DM undergoing GB. A total of 35 patients were enrolled. Plasma FGF 19, FGF 21, and total bile acid levels were measured before surgery (M0), 3 months (M3), and 12 months (M12) after surgery, while the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was calculated before and after surgery. Results: Obese patients with T2DM after GB presented with increased serum FGF 19 levels (p = 0.024) and decreased total bile acid (p = 0.01) and FGF 21 levels (p = 0.005). DM complete remitters had a higher FGF 19 level at M3 (p = 0.004) compared with DM non-complete remitters. Fatty liver improvers tended to have lower FGF 21 (p = 0.05) compared with non-improvers at M12. Conclusion: Changes in FGF 19 and FGF 21 play differential roles in DM remission and NAFLD improvement for patients after GB. Early increases in serum FGF 19 levels may predict complete remission of T2DM, while a decline in serum FGF 21 levels may reflect the improvement of NAFLD after GB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T05:42:33Z","timestamp":1643866953000},"page":"645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Regulation in Obese Diabetics, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease after Gastric Bypass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7529-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiun-Yu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330056, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou-Dong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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