{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:41:39Z","timestamp":1778013699873,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.81872618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.81872618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFC1305201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1305201"]}]},{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Research Projects in Universities of Jiangsu Province","award":["No. 2020SJA2439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2020SJA2439"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to identify multiple nutritional health problems and the relevant factors among children and adolescents aged 7\u201317 years. This study was part of the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016\u20132017, conducted in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. After sampling, 3025 school-age children and adolescents were enrolled into this study. Demographic information collections and anthropometric measurements were conducted by trained local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff. Venous blood in the amount of 6 mL was drawn from each participant in the morning and used for testing biochemical and nutritional indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis were used for overnutrition- and undernutrition-related disorders to test relevant personal, parental, and household factors. The prevalence of wasting, overweight, and obesity was 5.5%, 14.8%, and 12.7%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was prevalent among 5.1% of participants. Among the study participants, 29.5% had hyperuricemia. The overall prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high total cholesterol (TC) of all participants was 4.8% and 7.4%, respectively. 0.9% of the participants had vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and 14.6% had marginal vitamin A deficiency; 25.1% had vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and 54.5% had inadequate vitamin D levels. Anemia was present in 4.0% of all participants. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 4.8%. Demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, parents\u2019 characteristics, and family characteristics were associated with these multiple malnutrition disorders. The double burdens of malnutrition, which includes overnutrition- and undernutrition-related diseases, were prevalent among the school-age children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. There were various factors related to different nutritional problems. Thus, health education focusing on behavior intervention and nutrition education are necessary in containing nutritional problems among children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T20:34:45Z","timestamp":1644784485000},"page":"758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Multilevel Analysis of the Nutritional and Health Status among Children and Adolescents in Eastern China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianzhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5969-2185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiju","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonglin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422416000238","article-title":"Nutrition, infection and stunting: The roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children","volume":"30","author":"Millward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. 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