{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:28:29Z","timestamp":1784759309651,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae), is a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals, which explains its traditional use for a variety of metabolic disorders including cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate extracts of fenugreek seeds and sprouts, and some of their constituents, to compare their cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The extracts were chemically characterised using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal the detection of compounds assigned as flavone C-glycosides including those derived from apigenin and luteolin, in addition to isoflavones. Five different flavones or their glycosides (apigenin, vicenin-2, vitexin, luteolin and orientin) and two isoflavones (daidzein and formononetin) were quantified in the fenugreek extracts. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using MCF-7 cells treated with fenugreek methanolic extracts showed dose- and time-dependent effects on cell viability. The MCF-7 cancer cells treated with the fenugreek methanolic extracts also displayed increased relative mitochondrial DNA damage as well as suppressed metastasis and proliferation. This study demonstrates the potential anti-cancer effects of fenugreek seeds and sprouts and reveals fenugreek sprouts as an untapped resource for bioactive compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T20:34:45Z","timestamp":1644784485000},"page":"784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cytotoxicity of Fenugreek Sprout and Seed Extracts and Their Bioactive Constituents on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6687-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kholoud K.","family":"Khoja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Franklin-Wilkins-Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie-Jayne R.","family":"Howes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, Franklin-Wilkins-Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, Franklin-Wilkins-Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Franklin-Wilkins-Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain W.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0607-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gladys O.","family":"Latunde-Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Franklin-Wilkins-Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Plants of the World Online (POWO) (2020). 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