{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:13:03Z","timestamp":1778717583848,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010342","name":"Gillbergska stiftelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"F\u00f6delsefonden","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]},{"name":"HKH Kronprinsessan Lovisa\u2019s fond","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The optimal fluid requirements for extremely preterm infants are not fully known. We examined retrospectively the fluid intakes during the first week of life in two cohorts of extremely preterm infants born at 22\u201326 weeks of gestation before (n = 63) and after a change from a restrictive to a more liberal (n = 112) fluid volume allowance to improve nutrient provision. The cohorts were similar in gestational age and birth weight, but antenatal steroid exposure was more frequent in the second era. Although fluid management resulted in a cumulative difference in the total fluid intake over the first week of 87 mL\/kg (p &lt; 0.001), this was not reflected in a mean weight loss (14 \u00b1 5% at a postnatal age of 4 days in both groups) or mean peak plasma sodium (142 \u00b1 5 and 143 \u00b1 5 mmol\/L in the restrictive and liberal groups, respectively). The incidences of hypernatremia (&gt;145 and &gt;150 mmol\/L), PDA ligation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and IVH were also similar. We conclude that in this cohort of extremely preterm infants a more liberal vs. a restricted fluid allowance during the first week had no clinically important influence on early changes in body weight, sodium homeostasis, or hospital morbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T20:58:03Z","timestamp":1644872283000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Impact of Restricted versus Liberal Early Fluid Volumes on Plasma Sodium, Weight Change, and Short-Term Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2953-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbro","family":"Diderholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University Children\u2019s Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Normann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University Children\u2019s Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8413-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Ahlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University Children\u2019s Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1728-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Sindelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University Children\u2019s Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"\u00c5gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University Children\u2019s Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80611-0","article-title":"Sodium restriction versus daily maintenance replacement in very low birth weight premature neonates: A randomized, blind therapeutic trial","volume":"120","author":"Costarino","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F24","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.82.1.F24","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of postnatal sodium supplementation on body composition in 25 to 30 week gestational age infants","volume":"82","author":"Hartnoll","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal. Neonatal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"237","article-title":"Randomized trial of two levels of fluid input in the perinatal period\u2013effect on fluid balance, electrolyte and metabolic disturbances in ventilated VLBW infants","volume":"89","author":"Kavvadia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12205.x","article-title":"Fluid restriction for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia? 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Child Health"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/4\/795\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:19:03Z","timestamp":1760134743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/4\/795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu14040795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14040795","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]}}}