{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:57:48Z","timestamp":1791464268841,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. This study aims to identify the prevalence of VD deficiency in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and its association with treatment response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), cirrhosis development, and liver-related events (mortality and liver transplantation). Two hundred and fifty-five patients with PBC diagnosis were evaluated. Patients with VD levels below 50 nmol\/L were defined as deficient. Treatment response to UDCA was defined according to the Toronto criteria. Independent risk factors were identified using binary logistic and Cox regression analysis. The mean level of serum VD was 77 \u00b1 39 nmol\/L, and 64 patients (25%) were VD deficient. Incomplete response to UDCA was more prevalent in VD-deficient patients compared to their counterparts (45% vs. 22%; p &lt; 0.001). The risk of cirrhosis development (hazard ratio (HR) 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17\u20133.19, p = 0.01) and liver-related mortality or need for liver transplantation (HR 3.33, 95% CI, 1.57\u20137.07, p = 0.002) was higher in VD-deficient patients after adjusting for confounders. Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in patients with PBC and is associated with incomplete response to UDCA, cirrhosis development, and liver-related mortality or need for liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:22:19Z","timestamp":1645431739000},"page":"878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Vitamin D Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ebadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5651-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellina","family":"Lytvyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayyeh","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elora","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2511-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo J.","family":"Montano-Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.022","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"67","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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