{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:20:12Z","timestamp":1788888012683,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) malabsorption may lead to a vitamin D deficiency and calcium\u2013phosphate misbalance. However, the reports on the vitamin D status in children with IBD are few and ambiguous. Here, we are presenting complex analyses of multiple factors influencing 25OHD levels in IBD children (N = 62; Crohn\u2019s disease n = 34, ulcerative colitis n = 28, mean age 14.4 \u00b1 3.01 years, F\/M 23\/39) and controls (n = 47, mean age 13.97 \u00b1 2.57, F\/M 23\/24). Additionally, calcium\u2013phosphate balance parameters and inflammatory markers were obtained. In children with IBD disease, activity and location were defined. Information about therapy, presence of fractures and abdominal surgery were obtained from medical records. All subjects were surveyed on the frequency and extent of exposure to sunlight (forearms, partially legs for at least 30 min a day), physical activity (at least 30 min a day) and diet (3 days diary was analyzed with the program DIETA 5). The mean 25OHD level was higher in IBD patients compared to controls (18.1 ng\/mL vs. 15.5 ng\/mL; p = 0.03). Only 9.7% of IBD patients and 4.25% of controls had the optimal vitamin D level (30\u201350 ng\/mL). Despite the higher level of 25OHD, young IBD patients showed lower calcium levels in comparison to healthy controls. There was no correlation between the vitamin D level and disease activity or location of gastrointestinal tract lesions. Steroid therapy didn\u2019t have much influence on the vitamin D level while vitamin D was supplemented. Regular sun exposure was significantly more common in the control group compared to the IBD group. We found the highest concentration of vitamin D (24.55 ng\/mL) with daily sun exposure. There was no significant correlation between the vitamin D level and frequency of physical activity. The analysis of dietary diaries showed low daily intake of vitamin D in both the IBD and the control group (79.63 vs. 85.14 IU\/day). Pediatric patients, both IBD and healthy individuals, require regular monitoring of serum vitamin D level and its adequate supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:11:14Z","timestamp":1646079074000},"page":"1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Diet, Sun, Physical Activity and Vitamin D Status in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"\u015aledzi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Landowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142 A.","family":"\u017bmijewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masdiag Sp. z o.o. Company, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Liberek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.2013.0012","article-title":"Practical guidelines for the supplementation of vitamin D and the treatment of deficits in Central Europe\u2014Recommended vitamin D intakes in the general population and groups at risk of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"64","author":"Karczmarewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endokrynol. 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