{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:16:13Z","timestamp":1784232973697,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vifor Pharma Group","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron deficiency (ID) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases is frequent. However, under-diagnosis is also frequent due to the heterogeneity between guidelines from different medical societies. We applied a common definition for the diagnosis of ID to a large panel of patients with cancer, heart failure (HF), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), where ID was defined as serum ferritin concentration &lt;100 \u03bcg\/L and\/or a transferrin saturation (TSAT) index &lt;20%. Prevalence estimates using this common definition were compared with that obtained with officially accepted definitions (ESMO 2018, ESC 2016, ECCO 2015, and ERBP 2013). For that purpose, we used data collected during the French CARENFER studies, which included 1232, 1733, 1090, and 1245 patients with cancer, HF, IBD, and CKD, respectively. When applying the common definition, ID prevalence increased to 58.1% (vs. 57.9%), 62.8% (49.6%), and 61.2% (23.7%) in cancer, HF, and IBD patients, respectively. Both prevalence estimates were similar (47.1%) in CKD patients. Based on our results, we recommend combining both ferritin concentration and TSAT index to define ID in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. In those patients, adopting this common definition of ID should contribute to a better screening for ID, whatever the condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:11:14Z","timestamp":1646079074000},"page":"1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Towards a Common Definition for the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6727-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Cacoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), INSERM, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Choukroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Cohen-Solal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR-S 942 MASCOT, Paris University, Lariboisi\u00e8re Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Luporsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Mercy Hospital, 57530 Ars-Laquenexy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Peyrin-Biroulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NGERE U1256, INSERM, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katell","family":"Peoc\u2019h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, 92110 Clichy, France"},{"name":"UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l\u2019Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, University of Paris, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Andrieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2901-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigismond","family":"Lasocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Angers, 49933 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Puy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, 92110 Clichy, France"},{"name":"UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l\u2019Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, University of Paris, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-No\u00ebl","family":"Trochu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital of Nantes, University of Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70001-9","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Trends in Haemoglobin Concentration and Prevalence of Total and Severe Anaemia in Children and Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women for 1995\u20132011: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Representative Data","volume":"1","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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