{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:36:11Z","timestamp":1767904571828,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uncertainty remains in regard to when, how, and in what form gluten should be introduced into the diet, particularly of infants genetically predisposed to developing celiac disease (CD). MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases will be searched from inception. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies) investigating the association between early feeding practices and the risk of CD and\/or CD autoimmunity will be included. In prospective studies, participants will be infants regardless of the risk of developing CD. For retrospective studies, participants will be children or adults with CD or presenting with positive serology indicative of CD. Interventions will be gluten-containing products of any type. Exposures will be breastfeeding and\/or the introduction of gluten-containing products of any type. In control groups, there will be no exposure, different degrees of exposure (partial vs. exclusive breastfeeding, different amounts of gluten, etc.), or a placebo. The primary outcome measure will be CD or CD autoimmunity (i.e., anti-transglutaminase or anti-endomysial antibodies). At least two reviewers will independently assess the risk of bias using a validated risk assessment tool depending on study design. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion to achieve a consensus with the involvement of one or more additional reviewers if required. If appropriate, data will be pooled. If not, a narrative synthesis will be performed. The findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:11:14Z","timestamp":1646079074000},"page":"1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early Feeding Practices and Celiac Disease Prevention: Protocol for an Updated and Revised Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hania","family":"Szajewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4287-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raanan","family":"Shamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel, Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3696-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Chmielewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 85 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5737-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Str\u00f3\u017cyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Zalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Section European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), Department of Translation Medical Science, University Federico II, 80331 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibylle","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 11082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-2629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilma","family":"Korponay-Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Celiac Disease Center, Heim P\u00e1l Children\u2019s Hospital, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Mearin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Willem Alexander Children\u2019s Hospital, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Willem Alexander Children\u2019s Hospital, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ribes-Koninckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Section European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), Department of Translation Medical Science, University Federico II, 80331 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the PREVENTCD Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","article-title":"European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease","volume":"54","author":"Husby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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