{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:23Z","timestamp":1792789703031,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81925031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81925031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81820108026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81820108026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81872549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82003389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81801229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["202007030001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202007030001"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2018B030340001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B030340001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score were designed as indicators of patients\u2019 immune-nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of the CONUT and PNI scores on long-term recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS) and adverse outcomes for adults with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 991 AIS patients. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the relationships of the malnutritional indices and RIS and major cardiovascular events (MACEs). Results: During a median follow-up at 44 months (IQR 39\u201349 months), 203 (19.2%) patients had RIS and 261 (26.3%) had MACEs. Compared with normal nutritional status, moderate to severe malnutrition was significantly related to an increased risk of RIS in the CONUT score (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.472, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.223\u20135.432, p &lt; 0.001). A higher PNI value tertile (tertile two, adjusted HR 0.295, 95% CI 0.202\u20130.430; tertile three, adjusted HR 0.445, 95% CI 0.308\u20130.632, all p &lt; 0.001) was related to a lower risk of RIS. Similar results were found for MACEs. The PNI exhibited nonlinear association with the RIS and both two malnutritional indices improved the model\u2019s discrimination when added to the model with other clinical risk factors. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the CONUT and PNI are promising, straightforward screening indicators to identify AIS patients with impaired immune-nutritional status at higher risk of long-term RIS and MACEs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T22:08:06Z","timestamp":1648073286000},"page":"1337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Baseline Objective Malnutritional Indices as Immune-Nutritional Predictors of Long-Term Recurrence in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2442-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youjia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, First People\u2019s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, First People\u2019s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, First People\u2019s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongteng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804492","article-title":"Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016","volume":"379","author":"Feigin","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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