{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T20:33:12Z","timestamp":1778704392614,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001777","name":"University of Wollongong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["URC Partnership Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["URC Partnership Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are critical for cell membrane structure and function. Human beings have a limited ability to synthesise docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main n-3 LCPUFA required for neurological development. Inadequate levels of n-3 LCPUFA can affect the dopaminergic system in the brain and, when combined with genetic and other factors, increase the risk of developing aggression, inattention and impulse-control disorders. In this study, male prisoners were administered questionnaires assessing aggressive behaviour and executive functions. Participants also produced blood sampling for the measurement of the Omega-3 Index and the genotyping of dopaminergic genetic variants. Significant associations were found between functional genetic polymorphism in DBH rs1611115 and verbal aggression and between DRD2 rs4274224 and executive functions. However, the Omega-3 Index was not significantly associated with the tested dopaminergic polymorphisms. Although previous interactions between specific genotypes and n-3 LCPUFA were previously reported, they remain limited and poorly understood. We did not find any association between n-3 LCPUFA and dopaminergic polymorphisms in adult male prisoners; however, we confirmed the importance of genetic predisposition for dopaminergic genes (DBH and DRD2) in aggressive behaviour, memory dysfunction and attention-deficit disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:29:36Z","timestamp":1648416576000},"page":"1379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Associations between Omega-3 Index, Dopaminergic Genetic Variants and Aggressive and Metacognitive Traits: A Study in Adult Male Prisoners"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0926-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Heath Sciences, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia"},{"name":"Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0823-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell K.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human and Health Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9520-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijka","family":"Batterham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, School of Maths and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corrective Services New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S227","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041171","article-title":"Effects of diet on behaviour and cognition in children","volume":"92","author":"Bellisle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. 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