{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:00:33Z","timestamp":1784307633701,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Program on Basic Research Project of Chnia","award":["2013FY114200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013FY114200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC81673159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC81673159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HUST 2019kfyXMPY008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HUST 2019kfyXMPY008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Few studies have investigated the association of maternal longitudinal hemoglobin (Hb) with small for gestational age during pregnancy. The current study examined the associations of maternal Hb concentrations and Hb changes throughout the middle and late stages of pregnancy with small for gestational age (SGA) in a large prospective cohort study. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, which enrolled pregnant women at 8\u201316 weeks of gestation and followed up regularly. Maternal Hb concentrations were measured at the middle (14\u201327 weeks) and late (28\u201342 weeks) stages of pregnancy, and the Hb change from the middle to late stage of pregnancy was assessed. The Log-Poisson regression model was used to identify the association of maternal Hb with SGA, including the implications of Hb during specific pregnancy periods and Hb change across the middle to late stages of pregnancy. Of the total 3233 singleton live births, 208 (6.4%) were SGA. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with Hb 110\u2013119 g\/L, Hb \u2265 130 g\/L at late pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of SGA (adjusted RR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.13). When Hb changes from the middle to late stages of pregnancy were classified by tertiles, the greatest change in the Hb group (&lt;\u22126.0 g\/L) was significantly associated with a lower risk of SGA (adjusted RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.85) compared with the intermediate group (\u22126.0~1.9 g\/L). In conclusion, for women at low risk of iron deficiency, both higher Hb concentrations in late pregnancy and less Hb reduction during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of SGA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:41:30Z","timestamp":1648590090000},"page":"1403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of Maternal Longitudinal Hemoglobin with Small for Gestational Age during Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shangzhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Baoan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1671-8028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1995). 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