{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:18:49Z","timestamp":1785392329364,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014723","name":"Malaysian Palm Oil Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WSU 18059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WSU 18059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malnutrition is associated with high rates of mortality among patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD). There is a paucity of data from Bangladesh, where around 35,000\u201340,000 people reach ESKD annually. We assessed protein-energy wasting (PEW) amongst 133 patients at a single hemodialysis setting in Dhaka. Patients were 49% male, age 50 \u00b1 13 years, 62% were on twice-weekly hemodialysis. Anthropometric, biochemical, and laboratory evaluations revealed: BMI 24.1 \u00b1 5.2 kg\/m2, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) 21.6 \u00b1 3.6 cm, and serum albumin 3.7 \u00b1 0.6 g\/dL. Based on published criteria, 18% patients had PEW and for these patients, BMI (19.8 \u00b1 2.4 vs. 25.2 \u00b1 5.2 kg\/m2), MAMC (19.4 \u00b1 2.4 vs. 22.2 \u00b1 3.8 cm), serum albumin (3.5 \u00b1 0.7 vs. 3.8 \u00b1 0.5 g\/dL), and total cholesterol (135 \u00b1 34 vs. 159 \u00b1 40 mg\/dL), were significantly lower as compared to non-PEW patients, while hand grip strength was similar (19.5 \u00b1 7.6 vs. 19.7 \u00b1 7.3 kg). Inflammatory C-reactive protein levels tended to be higher in the PEW group (20.0 \u00b1 34.8 vs. 10.0 \u00b1 13.9 p = 0.065). Lipoprotein analyses revealed PEW patients had significantly lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (71 \u00b1 29 vs. 88 \u00b1 31 mg\/dL, p &lt; 0.05) and plasma triglyceride (132 \u00b1 51 vs. 189 \u00b1 103 mg\/dL, p &lt; 0.05), while high density lipoprotein cholesterol was similar. Nutritional assessments using a single 24 h recall were possible from 115 of the patients, but only 66 of these were acceptable reporters. Amongst these, while no major differences were noted between PEW and non-PEW patients, the majority of patients did not meet dietary recommendations for energy, protein, fiber, and several micronutrients (in some cases intakes were 60\u201390% below recommendations). Malnutrition Inflammation Scores were significantly higher in PEW patients (7.6 \u00b1 3.1 vs. 5.3 \u00b1 2.7 p &lt; 0.004). No discernible differences were apparent in measured parameters between patients on twice- vs. thrice-weekly dialysis. Data from a larger cohort are needed prior to establishing patient-management guidelines for PEW in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1648848235000},"page":"1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Protein Energy Wasting in a Cohort of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tanjina","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1359-9342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ban-Hock","family":"Khor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinbalu 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmela","family":"Sahathevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eno","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mousume","family":"Afroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esrat Jahan","family":"Mitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bayan","family":"Tashkandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5732-0043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nura Afza Salma","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3431-9613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasnuva Sarah","family":"Kashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakib Uz Zaman","family":"Arefin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4017-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulfitri Azuan Mat","family":"Daud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5808-8074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilakavati","family":"Karupaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taylors University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harun Ur","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-10-9","article-title":"High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a community survey of urban Bangladeshis: A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Anand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. 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