{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:00:57Z","timestamp":1770750057846,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016420","name":"California Walnut Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Aterosclerosis - Beca Manuel de Hoya","award":["2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/01014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006541","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEJD-2016\/BIO-2781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJD-2016\/BIO-2781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n and European Feder Funds","award":["AGL2016-78922-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2016-78922-R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008054","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Ram\u00f3n Areces","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIVP18A3888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIVP18A3888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mechanisms underlying the lipid-lowering effect of nuts remain elusive. This study explores whether one-year supplementation with walnuts decreases LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by affecting the expression of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNA). In this sub-study of the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) trial, we obtained fasting serum at baseline and at 1 year from 330 free-living participants (63\u201379 year, 68% women), allocated into a control group (CG, abstinence from walnuts, n = 164) and a walnut group (WG, 15% of daily energy as walnuts, ~30\u201360 g\/d, n = 166). Participants in the WG showed a 1 year decrease in LDL-C (\u22129.07, (95% confidence interval: \u221212.87; \u22125.73) mg\/dL; p = 0.010 versus changes in the CG). We conducted a miRNA array in eight randomly selected participants in the WG who decreased in LDL-C. This yielded 53 c-miRNAs with statistically significant changes, 27 of which survived the correction for multiple testing. When validating them in the full population, statistical significance lasted for hsa-miR-551a, being upregulated in the WG. In mediation analysis, the change in hsa-miR-551a was unrelated to LDL-C decrease. Long-term supplementation with walnuts decreased LDL-C independently of the changes in c-miRNA. The hsa-miR-551a upregulation, which has been linked to a reduced cell migration and invasion in several carcinomas, suggests a novel mechanism of walnuts in cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1648848235000},"page":"1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Interplay of Walnut Consumption, Changes in Circulating miRNAs and Reduction in LDL-Cholesterol in Elders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-7426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Gil-Zamorano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrile\u00f1o de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentaci\u00f3n, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1895-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Cof\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8199-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda-Carmen","family":"L\u00f3pez de las Hazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrile\u00f1o de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentaci\u00f3n, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Garc\u00eda-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrile\u00f1o de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentaci\u00f3n, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9906-7146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almudena","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrile\u00f1o de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentaci\u00f3n, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Dom\u00e9nech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Serra-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinta","family":"Valls-Pedret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujatha","family":"Rajaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9063-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Sabat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2573-1294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"D\u00e1valos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrile\u00f1o de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentaci\u00f3n, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5038-2794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleix","family":"Sala-Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz280","article-title":"Comparative effects of different types of tree nut consumption on blood lipids: A network meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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