{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:43:45Z","timestamp":1783629825522,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly become a global pandemic. Reports from different parts of the world indicate that a significant proportion of people who have recovered from COVID-19 are suffering from various health problems collectively referred to as \u201clong COVID-19\u201d. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, chest pain, muscle aches, headaches, and so on. Vitamin D is an immunomodulatory hormone with proven efficacy against various upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D can inhibit hyperinflammatory reactions and accelerate the healing process in the affected areas, especially in lung tissue. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 cases, with a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D found in patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure. Thus, there are promising reasons to promote research into the effects of vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients. However, no studies to date have found that vitamin D affects post-COVID-19 symptoms or biomarkers. Based on this scenario, this review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the potential role of vitamin D in long COVID-19 and of the current literature on this topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1649891236000},"page":"1625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Vitamin D: A Role Also in Long COVID-19?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Barrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Universit\u00e0 Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Frias-Toral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Vetrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2105-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florencia","family":"Ceriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition School, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR), Montevideo 11100, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0210-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloisa","family":"Garcia-Velasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Service, Grupo Hospitalario Kennedy, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Contreras-Brice\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Program, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Calle Par\u00eds, Loja 110107, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Savastano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Colao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Cattedra Unesco \u201cEducazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile\u201d, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Muscogiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Cattedra Unesco \u201cEducazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile\u201d, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010002454","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans: Results from the EPIC\u2013Oxford study","volume":"14","author":"Crowe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-6507.20.03299-X","article-title":"Vitamin D in obesity and obesity-related diseases: An overview","volume":"46","author":"Barrea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muscogiuri, G., Barrea, L., Di Somma, C., Laudisio, D., Salzano, C., Pugliese, G., De Alteriis, G., Colao, A., and Savastano, S. 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