{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:48:14Z","timestamp":1792100894514,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/SO13989\/1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/SO13989\/1."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biofortification of wheat is potentially a sustainable strategy to improve zinc intake; however, evidence of its effectiveness is needed. A household-based, double-blind, cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in rural Pakistan. The primary objective was to examine the effects of consuming zinc-biofortified wheat flour on the zinc status of adolescent girls aged 10\u201316 years (n = 517). Households received either zinc-biofortified flour or control flour for 25 weeks; blood samples and 24-h dietary recalls were collected for mineral status and zinc intake assessment. Plasma concentrations of zinc (PZC), selenium and copper were measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and serum ferritin (SF), transferrin receptor, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein by immunoassay. Consumption of the zinc-biofortified flour resulted in a moderate increase in intakes of zinc (1.5 mg\/day) and iron (1.2 mg\/day). This had no significant effect on PZC (control 641.6 \u00b1 95.3 \u00b5g\/L vs. intervention 643.8 \u00b1 106.2 \u00b5g\/L; p = 0.455), however there was an overall reduction in the rate of storage iron deficiency (SF &lt; 15 \u00b5g\/L; control 11.8% vs. 1.0% intervention). Consumption of zinc-biofortified flour increased zinc intake (21%) but was not associated with an increase in PZC. Establishing a sensitive biomarker of zinc status is an ongoing priority.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T01:03:01Z","timestamp":1650330181000},"page":"1657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Impact of Consuming Zinc-Biofortified Wheat Flour on Haematological Indices of Zinc and Iron Status in Adolescent Girls in Rural Pakistan: A Cluster-Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Effectiveness Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5846-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swarnim","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Research Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukhtiar","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babar","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K. M.","family":"Brazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Research Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3165-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria H.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Research Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3964-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin R.","family":"Broadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicester NG7 2RD, UK"},{"name":"Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7501-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munir H.","family":"Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5266-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth H.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicester NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lolita","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicester NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqbal M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2231-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Research Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola M.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Research Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2022, March 04). 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