{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:16:49Z","timestamp":1789600609224,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is a spice and medicinal herb traditionally used in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Since we previously demonstrated Sumac biological activity in a model of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1)-induced skin inflammation, the present work is aimed at further demonstrating a potential role in inflammatory disorders, focusing on gastritis. For this purpose, different polar extracts (water-W, ethanol-water-EW, ethanol-E, ethanol macerated-Em, acetone-Ac, ethylacetate-EtA) were investigated in gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) challenged by TNF-\u03b1 or H. pylori infection. The ethanolic extracts (E, EW, Em) showed the major phenolic contents, correlating with lower half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) on the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8, &lt;15 \u03bcg\/mL) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, &lt;20 \u03bcg\/mL) induced by TNF-\u03b1. Similarly, they inhibited IL-8 release (IC50s &lt; 70 \u03bcg\/mL) during Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and exhibited a direct antibacterial activity at comparable concentrations (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 100 \u03bcg\/mL). The phenolic content and the bioactivity of EW were maintained after simulated gastric digestion and were associated with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) impairment, considered the main putative anti-inflammatory mechanism. On the contrary, an anti-urease activity was excluded. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the potential role of Sumac as a nutraceutical useful in H. pylori-related gastritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T21:39:45Z","timestamp":1650749985000},"page":"1757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Nutraceutical Properties of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) against Gastritis: Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Gastric Epithelial Cells Infected with H. pylori"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0742-0521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8632-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Angarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2470-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3361-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Magnavacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Pozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3998-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Khalilpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5378-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Dell\u2019Agli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Sangiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900561","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201900561","article-title":"Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria","volume":"17","author":"Elagbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. 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