{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:03:11Z","timestamp":1760227391464,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005642","name":"University of Sassari","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAR2020DOREMP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR2020DOREMP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by a proinflammatory state associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, i.e., a condition of oxidative stress. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the inherited deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), by causing impaired antioxidant defense, may increase the risk of CD. Methods: A retrospective monocentric case-control study was performed using the clinical records of 8338 outpatients (64.6% women) scheduled for upper endoscopy between 2002 and 2021 in Northern Sardinia. Overall, 627 were found to have CD (7.5%), and 1027 resulted to be G6PD-deficiency carriers (12.3%). Since randomization was impractical, the potential covariates imbalance between cases and controls was minimized using a 1:2 propensity-score-matched (PSM) analysis. Results: Overall, G6PD deficiency was associated with increased risk of CD (odds ratio (OR) 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19\u20131.90). The PSM procedure identified 1027 G6PD-deficient and 2054 normal patients. Logistic regression including the propensity score detected for G6PD deficiency an OR of 1.48 (95%CI 1.13\u20131.95; p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our findings show that the enzyme defect was significantly and positively associated with CD, in line with the pro-oxidant impact of the enzyme defect observed in animal models and humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T21:37:53Z","timestamp":1651009073000},"page":"1815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High Frequency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Patients Diagnosed with Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pina","family":"Dore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9911-7270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Errigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Bibb\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Manca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Mario","family":"Pes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, 08040 Nuoro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.60","article-title":"Increasing incidence of celiac disease in a North American population","volume":"108","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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