{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:25:49Z","timestamp":1790245549212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ESPEN"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism database for chronic intestinal failure (CIF) was analyzed to investigate factors associated with nutritional status and the intravenous supplementation (IVS) dependency in children. Methods: Data collected: demographics, CIF mechanism, home parenteral nutrition program, z-scores of weight-for-age (WFA), length or height-for-age (LFA\/HFA), and body mass index-for-age (BMI-FA). IVS dependency was calculated as the ratio of daily total IVS energy over estimated resting energy expenditure (%IVSE\/REE). Results: Five hundred and fifty-eight patients were included, 57.2% of whom were male. CIF mechanisms at age 1\u20134 and 14\u201318 years, respectively: SBS 63.3%, 37.9%; dysmotility or mucosal disease: 36.7%, 62.1%. One-third had WFA and\/or LFA\/HFA z-scores &lt; \u22122. One-third had %IVSE\/REE &gt; 125%. Multivariate analysis showed that mechanism of CIF was associated with WFA and\/or LFA\/HFA z-scores (negatively with mucosal disease) and %IVSE\/REE (higher for dysmotility and lower in SBS with colon in continuity), while z-scores were negatively associated with %IVSE\/REE. Conclusions: The main mechanism of CIF at young age was short bowel syndrome (SBS), whereas most patients facing adulthood had intestinal dysmotility or mucosal disease. One-third were underweight or stunted and had high IVS dependency. Considering that IVS dependency was associated with both CIF mechanisms and nutritional status, IVS dependency is suggested as a potential marker for CIF severity in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1651475338000},"page":"1889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Chronic Intestinal Failure in Children: An International Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Lezo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, OIRM-S, Anna Hospital, Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Diamanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Bambin Ges\u00f9, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne M.","family":"Marinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Digestives et Respiratoires de l\u2019Enfant, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Digestives Rares, H\u00f4pital R Debr\u00e9, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merit","family":"Tabbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emma Children\u2019s Hospital\/Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anat","family":"Guz-Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Gandullia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS G, Gaslini Institute, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5396-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria I.","family":"Spagnuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Paediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Protheroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, 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University, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7532-0541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Looi C.","family":"Ee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9839-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King\u2019s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, 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Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2787-4336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Ellegard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Departement of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Masconale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Orlandi, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Ma\u00edz-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-4345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheldon 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Chronic Intestinal Failure, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bolohna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1773-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loris","family":"Pironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Center for Chronic Intestinal Failure, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bolohna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318268a9e3","article-title":"Intestinal failure in children: The European view","volume":"56","author":"Danita","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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