{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:47:43Z","timestamp":1790293663108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut microbiota has received significant attention owing to its decisive role in human health and disease. Diet exerts a significant influence on the variety and number of bacteria residing in the intestinal epithelium. On the other hand, as iron is a key micronutrient for blood formation and oxygen supply, its deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide. In fact, it is the most common cause of anemia and thus, iron supplementation is widespread. However, there is concern due to some potential risks linked to iron supplementation. Therefore, we have reviewed the available evidence of the effects that iron supplementation exerts on the gut microbiota as well as its potential benefits and risks. The compiled information suggests that iron supplementation is potentially harmful for gut microbiota. Therefore, it should be performed with caution, and by principle, recommended only to individuals with proven iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia to avoid potential adverse effects. In any case, large and long-term population studies are urgently needed to confirm or refute these results, mainly focused on vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T10:49:30Z","timestamp":1651661370000},"page":"1926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Iron Supplementation at the Crossroads of Nutrition and Gut Microbiota: The State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2836-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Puga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for Life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-4420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda de Lourdes","family":"Samaniego-Vaesken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for Life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5103-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Montero-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for Life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8790-4007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Ruperto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for Life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Partearroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for Life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5158-4999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio","family":"Varela-Moreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia \u201cNutrici\u00f3n para la vida (Nutrition for Life)\u201d, ref: E02\/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizaci\u00f3n Montepr\u00edncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.058","article-title":"Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease","volume":"146","author":"Albenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2009","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease","volume":"90","author":"Sekirov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. 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