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The saliva is a non-invasive biofluid reflecting both local and systemic health status. This observational study aimed to profile the epigenetic signature in the saliva of Obese (OB) and Normal-Weight (NW) pregnant women. Sixteen NW and sixteen OB Caucasian women with singleton spontaneous pregnancies were enrolled. microRNAs were quantified by the OpenArray Platform. The promoter region methylation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-Beta1) was assessed by pyrosequencing. There were 754 microRNAs evaluated: 20 microRNAs resulted in being differentially expressed between OB and NW. microRNA pathway enrichment analysis showed a significant association with the TGF-Beta signaling pathway (miTALOS) and with fatty acids biosynthesis\/metabolism, lysine degradation, and ECM\u2013receptor interaction pathways (DIANA\u2013miRPath). Both SOCS3 and TGF-Beta1 were significantly down-methylated in OB vs. NW. These results help to clarify impaired mechanisms involved in obesity and pave the way for the understanding of specific damaged pathways. The characterization of the epigenetic profile in saliva of pregnant women can represent a promising tool for the identification of obesity-related altered mechanisms and of possible biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-adverse conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:18:11Z","timestamp":1653005891000},"page":"2122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Epigenetic Profiling in the Saliva of Obese Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3458-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Mand\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3226-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"Abati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3568-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia Maria","family":"Anelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2247-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Serati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Dioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Albetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0370-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Bollati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-3034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2016). 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