{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:39:45Z","timestamp":1787506785858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Funding for Regional Developments (FEDER)"},{"name":"I-SITE Cap2025 WOW fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary fibers exhibit well-known beneficial effects on human health, but their anti-infectious properties against enteric pathogens have been poorly investigated. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major food-borne pathogen that causes acute traveler\u2019s diarrhea. Its virulence traits mainly rely on adhesion to an epithelial surface, mucus degradation, and the secretion of two enterotoxins associated with intestinal inflammation. With the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an imperious need to develop novel alternative strategies to control ETEC infections. This study aimed to investigate, using complementary in vitro approaches, the inhibitory potential of two dietary-fiber-containing products (a lentil extract and yeast cell walls) against the human ETEC reference strain H10407. We showed that the lentil extract decreased toxin production in a dose-dependent manner, reduced pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 production, and modulated mucus-related gene induction in ETEC-infected mucus-secreting intestinal cells. We also report that the yeast product reduced ETEC adhesion to mucin and Caco-2\/HT29-MTX cells. Both fiber-containing products strengthened intestinal barrier function and modulated toxin-related gene expression. In a complex human gut microbial background, both products did not elicit a significant effect on ETEC colonization. These pioneering data demonstrate the promising role of dietary fibers in controlling different stages of the ETEC infection process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T09:18:08Z","timestamp":1653124688000},"page":"2146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Lentils and Yeast Fibers: A New Strategy to Mitigate Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Strain H10407 Virulence?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sauvaitre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Van Herreweghen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Delbaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Durif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefien","family":"Van Landuyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Fadhlaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne","family":"Huille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HARi&CO, 10 Rue Pierre Semard, F-69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Chaucheyras-Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, CEDEX, F-31702 Blagnac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6104-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Etienne-Mesmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Blanquet-Diot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Van de Wiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30475-4","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990\u20132016","volume":"18","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09452.x","article-title":"Colonization of the Upper Jejunum by Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Paediatric Diarrhoea","volume":"71","author":"Stintzing","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.869-875.2006","article-title":"Importance of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in Colonization of the Adult Mouse Small Intestine by Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains","volume":"74","author":"Allen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00187","article-title":"Tracking Bioluminescent ETEC during In vivo BALB\/c Mouse Colonization","volume":"7","author":"Rodea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aambs.2014.09.003","article-title":"Colonization Factors of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli","volume":"Volume 90","author":"Sakellaris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.02.032","article-title":"Review on pathogenicity mechanism of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and vaccines against it","volume":"117","author":"Mirhosseini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01078-13","article-title":"EatA, an Immunogenic Protective Antigen of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Degrades Intestinal Mucin","volume":"82","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.02.020","article-title":"YghJ, the secreted metalloprotease of pathogenic E. coli induces hemorrhagic fluid accumulation in mouse ileal loop","volume":"105","author":"Tapader","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00401.x","article-title":"Weapons of mass destruction: Virulence factors of the global killer Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"263","author":"Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00459-07","article-title":"Disease Burden Due to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the First 2 Years of Life in an Urban Community in Bangladesh","volume":"75","author":"Qadri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1086\/339617","article-title":"Markers of Inflammation in Bacterial Diarrhea among Travelers, with a Focus on Enteroaggregative Escherichia coliPathogenicity","volume":"185","author":"Greenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891852","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1891852","article-title":"Intestinal and systemic inflammation induced by symptomatic and asymptomatic enterotoxigenic E. coli infection and impact on intestinal colonization and ETEC specific immune responses in an experimental human challenge model","volume":"13","author":"Brubaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00381-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00381-15","article-title":"Gut Microbial Succession Follows Acute Secretory Diarrhea in Humans","volume":"6","author":"David","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pop, M., Paulson, J.N., Chakraborty, S., Astrovskaya, I., Lindsay, B., Li, S., Bravo, H.C., Harro, C., Parkhill, J., and Walker, A. (2016). Individual-specific changes in the human gut microbiota after challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and subsequent ciprofloxacin treatment. BMC Genom., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2777-0"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw097","article-title":"Medications for the prevention and treatment of travellers\u2019 diarrhea","volume":"24","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00674-19","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00674-19","article-title":"Complete Genome Sequence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Siphophage LL5","volume":"8","author":"Piya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9053-y","article-title":"Anti-infectious properties of the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 on enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strain H10407","volume":"102","author":"Roussel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.02.013","article-title":"Soluble plantain fibre blocks adhesion and M-cell translocation of intestinal pathogens","volume":"24","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sauvaitre, T., Durif, C., Sivignon, A., Chalancon, S., Van de Wiele, T., Etienne-Mesmin, L., and Blanquet-Diot, S. (2021). In Vitro Evaluation of Dietary Fiber Anti-Infectious Properties against Food-Borne Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli. Nutr., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093188"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-34","article-title":"CODEX-aligned dietary fiber definitions help to bridge the \u2018fiber gap\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-102215-095316","article-title":"The Critical Roles of Polysaccharides in Gut Microbial Ecology and Physiology","volume":"71","author":"Porter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deehan, E.C., Duar, R.M., Armet, A.M., Perez-Mu\u00f1oz, M.E., Jin, M., and Walter, J. (2018). Modulation of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome with Nondigestible Fermentable Carbohydrates to Improve Human Health. Microbiol. Spectr., 5.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.BAD-0019-2017"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6293","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6293","article-title":"Isolation of wheat bran-colonizing and metabolizing species from the human fecal microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Verspreet","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0550-5","article-title":"Microbial succession during wheat bran fermentation and colonisation by human faecal microbiota as a result of niche diversification","volume":"14","author":"Verspreet","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223490","article-title":"Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System","volume":"336","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012","article-title":"The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease","volume":"23","author":"Makki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.03.019","article-title":"Water-based oligochitosan and nanowhisker chitosan as potential food preservatives for shelf-life extension of minced pork","volume":"159","author":"Chantarasataporn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10700","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b00894","article-title":"Chitosan Microparticles Exert Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity against Antibiotic-Resistant Micro-organisms without Increasing Resistance","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2016.04.003","article-title":"Effects of Citrox and chitosan on the survival of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella enterica in vacuum-packaged turkey meat","volume":"58","author":"Vardaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.06.046","article-title":"Engineering of chitosan-derived nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157: H7","volume":"197","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.59.417","article-title":"Inhibition of Cholera Toxin by Human Milk Fractions and Sialyllactose","volume":"59","author":"Idota","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.01.100","article-title":"Pectic oligosaccharide structure-function relationships: Prebiotics, inhibitors of Escherichia coli O157: H7 adhesion and reduction of Shiga toxin cytotoxicity in HT29 cells","volume":"227","author":"Di","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6895","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11944","article-title":"Characterization and bioactivities of the exopolysaccharide from a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451900134X","article-title":"Oligosaccharides in goats\u2019 milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties","volume":"122","author":"Leong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1075-9964(03)00043-X","article-title":"Mixed culture fermentation studies on the effects of synbiotics on the human intestinal pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli","volume":"9","author":"Fooks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.043","article-title":"A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility","volume":"167","author":"Desai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0036-x","article-title":"Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the intestinal mucosal barrier","volume":"16","author":"Martens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.59.69","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects of Milk Gangliosides on the Adhesion of Escherichia colito Human Intestinal Carcinoma Cells","volume":"59","author":"Idota","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.08.078","article-title":"Gangliosides and sialic acid effects upon newborn pathogenic bacteria adhesion: An in vitro study","volume":"136","author":"Salcedo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.17.1.105-111.1977","article-title":"Patterns of loss of enterotoxigenicity by Escherichia coli isolated from adults with diarrhea: Suggestive evidence for an interrelationship with serotype","volume":"17","author":"Evans","year":"1977","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10959-4","article-title":"Comparative methods for fecal sample storage to preserve gut microbial structure and function in an in vitro model of the human colon","volume":"104","author":"Deschamps","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142324","article-title":"Repeated exposure of Caco-2 versus Caco-2\/HT29-MTX intestinal cell models to (nano) silver in vitro: Comparison of two commercially available colloidal silver products","volume":"754","author":"Gillois","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roussel, C., De Paepe, K., Galia, W., De Bodt, J., Chalancon, S., Leriche, F., Ballet, N., Denis, S., Alric, M., and Van De Wiele, T. (2020). Spatial and temporal modulation of enterotoxigenic E. coli H10407 pathogenesis and interplay with microbiota in human gut models. BMC Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-020-00860-x"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03628.x","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is detectable in water samples from an endemic area by real-time PCR","volume":"104","author":"Lothigius","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","article-title":"Evaluation of General 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene PCR Primers for Classical and Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Diversity Studies","volume":"41","author":"Klindworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38628-1","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli to exposure to bile salts","volume":"9","author":"Delmas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, K., Zhou, L., Lim, Q., Zou, R., Stephanopoulos, G., and Too, H.-P. (2011). Novel reference genes for quantifying transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli to protein overexpression by quantitative PCR. BMC Mol. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-12-18"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00316-09","article-title":"Development of Multiplex PCR Assays for Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Colonization Factors and Toxins","volume":"47","author":"Rodas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00996-10","article-title":"Expression of Multidrug Efflux Pump Genes acrAB-tolC, mdfA, and norE in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates as a Function of Fluoroquinolone and Multidrug Resistance","volume":"55","author":"Swick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicklasson, M., Sj\u00f6ling, A., von Mentzer, A., Qadri, F., and Svennerholm, A.-M. (2012). Expression of colonization factor CS5 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is enhanced in vivo and by the bile component na glycocholate hydrate. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035827"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17520","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.17520","article-title":"The FimH Gene in Uropathogenic Escherichiacoli Strains Isolated from Patient with Urinary Tract Infection","volume":"8","author":"Hojati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.20858","article-title":"Effect OfrpoS gene knockout on the metabolism of Escherichia coli during exponential growth phase and early stationary phase based on gene expressions, enzyme activities and intracellular metabolite concentrations","volume":"94","author":"Rahman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.6.1919-1925.1990","article-title":"Combination of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes with flow cytometry for analyzing mixed microbial populations","volume":"56","author":"Amann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04752.x","article-title":"Rapid detection of Escherichia coli in waters using fluorescent in situ hybridization, direct viable counting and solid phase cytometry","volume":"109","author":"Baudart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EN01188E","article-title":"The food additive E171 and titanium dioxide nanoparticles indirectly alter the homeostasis of human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Dorier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., Gao, Y., Li, S., Wu, C., Wang, J., and Zheng, N. (2019). Modulation of Mucin (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) mRNA Expression and Protein Production and Secretion in Caco-2\/HT29-MTX Co-Cultures Following Exposure to Individual and Combined Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A. Toxins, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11020132"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"de Leon, M.C.P. (2019). D\u00e9veloppement D\u2019un Mod\u00e8le in Vitro D\u2019inflammation Intestinale Par L\u2019utilisation de Lign\u00e9es Cellulaires Humaines En Co-Culture Pour L\u2019\u00e9tude Des Interactions Avec Les Micro-Constituants Alimentaires; M\u00e9decine humaine et pathologie. [Doctoral Dissertation, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier]."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-931597","article-title":"Green Tea Extract Induces Interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA and Protein Expression but Specifically Inhibits IL-8 Secretion in Caco-2 Cells","volume":"72","author":"Netsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger, E., Nassra, M., Atgi\u00e9, C., Plaisanci\u00e9, P., and G\u00e9lo\u00ebn, A. (2017). Oleic Acid Uptake Reveals the Rescued Enterocyte Phenotype of Colon Cancer Caco-2 by HT29-MTX Cells in Co-Culture Mode. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071573"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109201","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus strains from Mongolia improve calcium transport and uptake by intestinal cells in vitro","volume":"133","author":"Raveschot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13819","article-title":"Inter-individual differences determine the outcome of wheat bran colonization by the human gut microbiome","volume":"19","author":"Kerckhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00926.x","article-title":"Multivariate dispersion as a measure of beta diversity","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.577474","article-title":"Dietary Emulsifiers Alter Composition and Activity of the Human Gut Microbiota in vitro, Irrespective of Chemical or Natural Emulsifier Origin","volume":"11","author":"Miclotte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01352.x","article-title":"Raman-FISH: Combining stable-isotope Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the single cell analysis of identity and function","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMurdie, P., and Holmes, S. (2014). Waste Not, Want Not: Why Rarefying Microbiome Data Is Inadmissible. PLOS Comput. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003531"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMurdie, P.J., and Holmes, S. (2013). Phyloseq: An R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02228.x","article-title":"VEGAN, a package of R functions for community ecology","volume":"14","author":"Dixon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2012.00224.x","article-title":"Betapart: An R package for the study of beta diversity","volume":"3","author":"Baselga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2007.00375.x","article-title":"Multivariate Analyses in Microbial Ecology","volume":"62","author":"Ramette","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1890\/05-0549","article-title":"Analyzing Beta Diversity: Partitioning the Spatial Variation of Community Composition Data","volume":"75","author":"Legendre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9615(1999)069[0001:DBRATM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Distance-Based Redundancy Analysis: Testing Multispecies Responses in Multifactorial Ecological Experiments","volume":"69","author":"Legendre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-017-0078-x","article-title":"Revisiting atenolol as a low passive permeability marker","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"101","article-title":"Caco-2 cells and Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) for prediction of transepithelial transport of xenobiotics (model drug: Caffeine)","volume":"30","author":"Smetanova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.120","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human study assessing the capacity of a novel galacto-oligosaccharide mixture in reducing travellers\u2019 diarrhoea","volume":"64","author":"Drakoularakou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307544","article-title":"The human milk oligosaccharide 2\u2019-fucosyllactose modulates CD14 expression in human enterocytes, thereby attenuating LPS-induced inflammation","volume":"65","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.05.078","article-title":"Characterisation of dietary fibre components in cereals and legumes used in Serbian diet","volume":"141","author":"Dodevska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.125","article-title":"Structure, preparation, modification, and bioactivities of \u03b2-glucan and mannan from yeast cell wall: A review","volume":"173","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.01.019","article-title":"Trends in Dietary Fiber Intake in the United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"112","author":"King","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290756","article-title":"Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Holscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.007","article-title":"Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion","volume":"30","author":"Kiela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pr. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijemanne, P., and Moxley, R.A. (2014). Glucose Significantly Enhances Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Adherence to Intestinal Epithelial Cells through Its Effects on Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Production. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113230"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-013-1245-y","article-title":"Polysaccharide hydrolysis with engineered Escherichia coli for the production of biocommodities","volume":"40","author":"Martinez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.011","article-title":"Interspecies Competition Impacts Targeted Manipulation of Human Gut Bacteria by Fiber-Derived Glycans","volume":"179","author":"Patnode","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006444105846","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism of diarrhoea induced by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) in newborn calves","volume":"24","author":"Asem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veter. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00167.x","article-title":"Interaction of Escherichia coliheat-stable enterotoxin (STa) with its putative receptor on the intestinal tract of newborn kids","volume":"49","author":"Ababneh","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9570-x","article-title":"Distribution and characterization of the Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) receptor throughout the intestinal tract of newborn camels (Camelus dromedaries)","volume":"42","author":"Khalifeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzales, L., Ali, Z.B., Nygren, E., Wang, Z., Karlsson, S., Zhu, B., Quiding-J\u00e4rbrink, M., and Sj\u00f6ling, A. (2013). Alkaline pH Is a Signal for Optimal Production and Secretion of the Heat Labile Toxin, LT in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074069"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fuaa052","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa052","article-title":"Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: Towards preventive strategies against enteric infections","volume":"45","author":"Sauvaitre","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)42434-7","article-title":"Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on the Production of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"50","author":"Takashi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1434","article-title":"Selection of Escherichia coliHeat-Labile Toxin (LT) Inhibitors Using Both the GM1-ELISA and the cAMP Vero Cell Assay","volume":"10","author":"Verhelst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00919-12","article-title":"Transcriptional Modulation of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Response to Epithelial Cell Interactions","volume":"81","author":"Kansal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000091107","article-title":"Substrate-driven gene expression in Roseburia inulinivorans: Importance of inducible enzymes in the utilization of inulin and starch","volume":"108","author":"Scott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey505","article-title":"Pectin or chitosan coating fortified with eugenol reduces Campylobacter jejunion chicken wingettes and modulates expression of critical survival genes","volume":"98","author":"Wagle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.01.004","article-title":"How bacterial pathogens colonize their hosts and invade deeper tissues","volume":"17","author":"Ribet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01106-13","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Secretes a Highly Conserved Mucin-Degrading Metalloprotease to Effectively Engage Intestinal Epithelial Cells","volume":"82","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2017.1349203","article-title":"Continuous in vitro exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to E171 food additive causes oxidative stress, inducing oxidation of DNA bases but no endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"11","author":"Dorier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.042","article-title":"Exploring the usefulness of the complex in vitro intestinal epithelial model Caco-2\/HT29\/Raji-B in nanotoxicology","volume":"113","author":"Vila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.12.053","article-title":"Released exopolysaccharide (r-EPS) produced from probiotic bacteria reduce biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7","volume":"379","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03137-09","article-title":"Exopolysaccharide Synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri Decreases the Ability of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli To Bind to Porcine Erythrocytes","volume":"76","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01782-14","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides Synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri Protect against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Piglets","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.711","article-title":"Markers of enteric inflammation in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli diarrhea in travelers","volume":"62","author":"Bouckenooghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, K.-S., Choi, K.-H., Kim, Y.-S., Hong, B.S., Kim, O.Y., Kim, J.H., Yoon, C.M., Koh, G.-Y., Kim, Y.-K., and Gho, Y.S. (2010). Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Escherichia coli Induce Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011334"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05336-11","article-title":"Context-Dependent Activation Kinetics Elicited by Soluble versus Outer Membrane Vesicle-Associated Heat-Labile Enterotoxin","volume":"79","author":"Chutkan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loos, M., Geens, M., Schauvliege, S., Gasthuys, F., van der Meulen, J., Dubreuil, J.D., Goddeeris, B.M., Niewold, T., and Cox, E. (2012). Role of Heat-Stable Enterotoxins in the Induction of Early Immune Responses in Piglets after Infection with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041041"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2012.01793.x","article-title":"Heat-labile enterotoxin-induced activation of NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathways in intestinal epithelial cells impacts enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) adherence","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2016.06.003","article-title":"Role in proinflammatory response of YghJ, a secreted metalloprotease from neonatal septicemic Escherichia coli","volume":"306","author":"Tapader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00767-09","article-title":"Associations between Mucosal Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses and Resolution of Diarrheal Pathogen Infections","volume":"78","author":"Long","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020875423678","article-title":"Signaling networks controlling mucin production in response to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"18","author":"McNamara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7419","article-title":"A sentinel goblet cell guards the colonic crypt by triggering Nlrp6-dependent Muc2 secretion","volume":"352","author":"Birchenough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01187-15","article-title":"New Role of Nod Proteins in Regulation of Intestinal Goblet Cell Response in the Context of Innate Host Defense in an Enteric Parasite Infection","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farr\u00e9, R., Fiorani, M., Rahiman, S.A., and Matteoli, G. (2020). Intestinal Permeability, Inflammation and the Role of Nutrients. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041185"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.09.026","article-title":"Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin and guanylin on the barrier integrity of intestinal epithelial T84 cells","volume":"152","author":"Nakashima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veter. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00455-13","article-title":"Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin b Impairs Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function by Altering Tight Junction Proteins","volume":"81","author":"Mukiza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nassour, H., and Dubreuil, J.D. (2014). Escherichia coli STb Enterotoxin Dislodges Claudin-1 from Epithelial Tight Junctions. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113273"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01953","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Promotes Intestinal Barrier Function by Strengthening the Epithelium and Modulating Gut Microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902265R","article-title":"Icariin and its phosphorylated derivatives alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier disruption caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through modulate p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro","volume":"34","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117281","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via TLRs\/mast cells pathway","volume":"244","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0445","article-title":"Induction of Increased Permeability of Polarized Enterocyte Monolayers by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin","volume":"84","author":"Kreisberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003051","article-title":"Effects of dietary live yeast supplementation on growth performance, diarrhoea severity, intestinal permeability and immunological parameters of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88","volume":"118","author":"Che","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04861-4","article-title":"Bacteriophage EK99P-1 alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99-induced barrier dysfunction and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.02.052","article-title":"LIGHT Signals Directly to Intestinal Epithelia to Cause Barrier Dysfunction via Cytoskeletal and Endocytic Mechanisms","volume":"132","author":"Schwarz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12037","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.064808","article-title":"Epithelial Myosin Light Chain Kinase Activation Induces Mucosal Interleukin-13 Expression to Alter Tight Junction Ion Selectivity","volume":"285","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142150","article-title":"Tight Junction Pore and Leak Pathways: A Dynamic Duo","volume":"73","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000594","article-title":"Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Intestinal Obstruction Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via Suppression of MLCK-MLC Phosphorylation Pathway","volume":"46","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz093","article-title":"A soluble and highly fermentable dietary fiber with carbohydrases improved gut barrier integrity markers and growth performance in F18 ETEC challenged pigs1","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, J., Zhang, J., Wu, G., Chen, D., Yu, B., Huang, Z., Luo, Y., Zheng, P., Luo, J., and Mao, X. (2019). Amelioration of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Barrier Disruption by Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan in Weaned Pigs is Related to Suppressed Intestinal Inflammation and Apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143485"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9599","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01998D","article-title":"Fructooligosaccharides improve growth performance and intestinal epithelium function in weaned pigs exposed to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"260","article-title":"Fibre supplementation to pre-weaning piglet diets did not improve the resilience towards a post-weaning enterotoxigenic E. coli challenge","volume":"105","author":"Maes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1019693","article-title":"Characterization of the human gut microbiome during travelers\u2019 diarrhea","volume":"6","author":"Youmans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2019.0064","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii exert synergistic antipathogenic activity in vitro against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"10","author":"Moens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"G39","article-title":"Colonic microbiota alters host susceptibility to infectious colitis by modulating inflammation, redox status, and ion transporter gene expression","volume":"301","author":"Ghosh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1339-9_20","article-title":"Overview of the Effect of Citrobacter Rodentium Infection on Host Metabolism and the Microbiota","volume":"Volume 2291","author":"Bielaszewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.028","article-title":"Parabacteroides distasonis Alleviates Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Production of Succinate and Secondary Bile Acids","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315458","article-title":"Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hirsutella sinensis","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgaa018","article-title":"Parabacteroides distasonis attenuates tumorigenesis, modulates inflammatory markers and promotes intestinal barrier integrity in azoxymethane-treated A\/J mice","volume":"41","author":"Koh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2007.11.003","article-title":"Three Lactobacillus strains from healthy infant stool inhibit enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli grown in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Tsai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-010-9050-7","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro Probiotic Potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus OZF Isolated from Human Breast Milk","volume":"2","author":"Kiran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9327-1","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC 298 with FOS in Combination on Viability and Toxin Production of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"11","author":"Anand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092412-155708","article-title":"Mechanisms of Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli","volume":"67","author":"Kanjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.11.004","article-title":"Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration","volume":"23","author":"Schroeder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966263","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1966263","article-title":"Deprivation of dietary fiber in specific-pathogen-free mice promotes susceptibility to the intestinal mucosal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium","volume":"13","author":"Neumann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/10\/2146\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:16:03Z","timestamp":1760138163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/10\/2146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu14102146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14102146","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]}}}