{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:48:04Z","timestamp":1782931684255,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ingredia SA, Arras, France"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: A tryptic hydrolysate of bovine \u03b1s1-casein (CH) exerts anxiolytic-like properties in many species, including humans. This is mainly related to the presence of \u03b1-casozepine (\u03b1-CZP), which yields these properties in rodents. This study evaluates, in a rat model, the roles of the vagus nerve and the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors in the mode of action of CH. (2) Methods: The conditioned defensive burying test was used to evaluate anxiety. (3) Results: Participation of the vagus nerve in the mode of action of CH was excluded, as the global anxiety score in vagotomised rats was not significantly different from that of non-vagotomised animals. The blocking of the binding sites of benzodiazepines with flumazenil antagonised CH anxiolytic-like properties. (4) Conclusions: The vagus nerve does not play a role in the anxiolytic-like properties of CH. On the other hand, this anxiolytic-like activity relies on the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptors. This result is consistent with previous in vitro studies and, more specifically with the discovery of \u03b1-CZP, the peptide responsible for the anxiolytic-like properties of CH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T23:43:03Z","timestamp":1653867783000},"page":"2212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Anxiolytic-like Properties of a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Bovine \u03b1s1 Casein Containing \u03b1-Casozepine Rely on GABAA Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Sites but Not the Vagus Nerve"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Benoit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Chaumontet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7556-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Violle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETAP-Lab, F-54500 Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Boulier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingredia, F-62000 Arras, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2216-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CALBINOTOX, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4630-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Cakir-Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2594-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingredia, F-62000 Arras, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Miclo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CALBINOTOX, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2013.11.004","article-title":"Dairy protein hydrolysates: Peptides for health benefits","volume":"38","author":"Amigo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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