{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:04:07Z","timestamp":1792029847940,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","award":["APP1061704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1061704"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression is a common mood disorder associated with childbirth and is hypothesized to be affected by low vitamin D. This systematic review identified two randomized controlled trials (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation for the treatment or prevention of depressive symptoms in the perinatal period, as well as 18 observational studies of vitamin D exposure and depression in the antenatal and postnatal periods. Both RCTs claimed an improvement in depressive symptoms in the vitamin D group, although the sample sizes were too small to draw firm conclusions. The case-control and cohort studies had mixed findings and were limited by study quality. There were inconsistent results within the few studies with a more robust methodology or within samples restricted to women likely to have depression. The current evidence is inconclusive due to the poor quality and heterogeneity of studies, likely contributing to the contradictory findings. Given there are already numerous RCTs of prenatal vitamin D supplementation, we recommend adding an appropriate measure of depression in the perinatal period to assist in resolving the uncertainty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:25:12Z","timestamp":1653956712000},"page":"2300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Systematic Review of Vitamin D during Pregnancy and Postnatally and Symptoms of Depression in the Antenatal and Postpartum Period from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline F.","family":"Gould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, School of Psychology and the Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0667-4300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Makrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, School of Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db","article-title":"Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence","volume":"106","author":"Gavin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obs. 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