{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:30:40Z","timestamp":1773833440468,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Military Hospital 103","award":["108-6202-008-112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-6202-008-112"]}]},{"name":"Taipei Medical University","award":["108-6202-008-112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-6202-008-112"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to evaluate hemodialysis patients\u2019 dietary knowledge, especially among those with COVID-19 related symptoms, in order to identify appropriate strategies in managing their mental health. The study\u2019s purposes were to test the psychometric properties of the hemodialysis dietary knowledge (HDK) scale, and to investigate the modifying impact of HDK on the associations of suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S) with anxiety and depression among hemodialysis patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021 at eight hospitals across Vietnam. Data of 875 hemodialysis patients were analyzed, including socio-demographic, anxiety (the generalized anxiety disorder scale, GAD-7), depression (the patient health questionnaire, PHQ-9), S-COVID-19-S, HDK, health literacy, and digital healthy diet literacy. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. The HDK scale demonstrates the satisfactory construct validity with good model fit (Goodness of Fit Index, GFI = 0.96; Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index, AGFI = 0.90; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual, SRMR = 0.05; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = 0.09; Normed Fit Index, NFI = 0.96; Comparative Fit Index, CFI = 0.96, and Parsimony goodness of Fit Index, PGFI = 0.43), criterion validity (as correlated with HL (r = 0.22, p &lt; 0.01) and DDL (r = 0.19, p &lt; 0.01), and reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.70)). In the multivariate analysis, S-COVID-19-S was associated with a higher likelihood of anxiety (odds ratio, OR, 20.76; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 8.85, 48.70; p &lt; 0.001) and depression (OR, 12.95; 95%CI, 6.67, 25.14, p &lt; 0.001). A higher HDK score was associated with a lower likelihood of anxiety (OR, 0.70; 95%CI, 0.64, 0.77; p &lt; 0.001) and depression (OR, 0.72; 95%CI, 0.66, 0.79; p &lt; 0.001). In the interaction analysis, the negative impacts of S-COVID-19-S on anxiety and depression were mitigated by higher HDK scores (p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, HDK is a valid and reliable tool to measure dietary knowledge in hemodialysis patients. Higher HDK scores potentially protect patients with S-COVID-19-S from anxiety and depression during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"2364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Associations of Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms with Anxiety and Depression as Modified by Hemodialysis Dietary Knowledge: A Multi-Dialysis Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9686-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loan T.","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112-19, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 115-20, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thuc C.","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Office, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dung H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemodialysis Department, Nephro-Urology-Dialysis Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 115-19, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5748-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trung A.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemodialysis Department, Nephro-Urology-Dialysis Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 115-19, Vietnam"},{"name":"International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoai T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Military Scientific Information, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoang C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen 241-24, Vietnam"},{"name":"President Office, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 241-17, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thai H.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen 241-24, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 241-17, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7769-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu T.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 241-17, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7107-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linh V.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary & Cardiovascular Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong 042-12, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuan V.","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hemodialysis, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong 042-12, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoi T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Office, Hai Phong International Hospital, Hai Phong 047-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nga T.","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemodialysis Division, Hai Phong International Hospital, Hai Phong 047-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thinh V.","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Office, Bai Chay Hospital, Ha Long 011-21, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manh V.","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Office, Quang Ninh General Hospital, Ha Long 011-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung H.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Office, General Hospital of Agricultural, Hanoi 125-16, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dung T.","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Hanoi University of Business and Technology, Hanoi 116-22, Vietnam"},{"name":"Nursing Office, Thien An Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi 112-06, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binh N.","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"},{"name":"Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3707-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shwu-Huey","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8714-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsae-Jyy","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112-19, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2287-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuyen 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