{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T04:48:45Z","timestamp":1777092525776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","award":["600-IRMI\/FRGS 5\/3(387\/2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600-IRMI\/FRGS 5\/3(387\/2019)"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","award":["600-IRMI\/FRGS-RACER 5\/3(008\/2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600-IRMI\/FRGS-RACER 5\/3(008\/2019)"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","award":["600-IRMI\/FRGS 5\/3(387\/2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600-IRMI\/FRGS 5\/3(387\/2019)"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","award":["600-IRMI\/FRGS-RACER 5\/3(008\/2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600-IRMI\/FRGS-RACER 5\/3(008\/2019)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we aimed to determine whether a postnatal trans fat diet (TFD) could aggravate prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure effects on offspring\u2019s small intestine and adulthood obesity, due to the relatively sparse findings on how the interaction between these two variables interrupt the small intestinal cells. Twelve pregnant rats were administered with either unspiked drinking water (control; CTL) or BPA-spiked drinking water throughout pregnancy. Twelve weaned pups from each pregnancy group were then given either a normal diet (ND) or TFD from postnatal week (PNW) 3 until PNW14, divided into control offspring on normal diet (CTL-ND), BPA-exposed offspring on normal diet (BPA-ND), control offspring on trans fat diet (CTL-TFD), and BPA offspring on trans fat diet (BPA-TFD) groups. Body weight (BW), waist circumference, and food and water intake were measured weekly in offspring. At PNW14, small intestines were collected for global DNA methylation and histological analyses. Marked differences in BW were observed starting at PNW9 in BPA-TFD (389.5 \u00b1 10.0 g; p &lt; 0.05) relative to CTL-ND (339.0 \u00b1 7.2 g), which persisted until PNW13 (505.0 \u00b1 15.6 g). In contrast, water and food intake between offspring were significantly different (p &lt; 0.01\u20130.05) at earlier ages only (PNW4\u20136 and PNW7\u20139, respectively). Furthermore, substantial differences in the general parameters of the intestinal structures were exclusive to ileum crypt length alone, whereby both BPA-ND (150.5 \u00b1 5.1 \u03bcm; p &lt; 0.001), and BPA-TFD (130.3 \u00b1 9.9 \u03bcm; p &lt; 0.05) were significantly longer than CTL-ND (96.8 \u00b1 8.9 \u03bcm). Moreover, BPA-ND (2.898 \u00b1 0.147%; p &lt; 0.05) demonstrated global small intestinal hypermethylation when compared to CTL-ND and CTL-TFD (1.973 \u00b1 0.232% and 1.913 \u00b1 0.256%, respectively). Prenatal BPA exposure may significantly affect offspring\u2019s physiological parameters and intestinal function. Additionally, our data suggest that there might be compensatory responses to postnatal TFD in the combined BPA prenatal group (BPA-TFD).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"2382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prenatal Bisphenol a Exposure and Postnatal Trans Fat Diet Alter Small Intestinal Morphology and Its Global DNA Methylation in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats, Leading to Obesity Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zulkifli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1057-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor Shafina","family":"Mohd Nor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-4839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Hamimah","family":"Sheikh Abdul Kadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norashikin","family":"Mohd Ranai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noor Kaslina","family":"Mohd Kornain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan Nor I\u2019zzah","family":"Wan Mohd Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mardiana","family":"Abdul Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2012.03.021","article-title":"Bisphenol A exposure, effects, and policy: A wildlife perspective","volume":"104","author":"Flint","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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