{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:56:00Z","timestamp":1784775360012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","award":["SUB\/2\/DN\/20\/002\/2216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/2\/DN\/20\/002\/2216"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","award":["SUB\/2\/DN\/21\/003\/2216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/2\/DN\/21\/003\/2216"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly affects the course of diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting in deterioration of insulin sensitivity and metabolic control, as well as many cardiometabolic complications. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between cardiovascular biomarkers, nutritional status, dietary factors and the occurrence of MetS among 120 participants from northeast Poland (adolescents with type 1 DM and healthy peers). MetS was assessed using several criteria: nutritional status by anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis by bioelectrical impedance, and diet using a food diary and questionnaire. MetS was diagnosed in every third diabetic. Compared to healthy peers, MetS patients had higher total body fat (26% vs. 14%, p &lt; 0.001) and visceral fat (77 cm2 vs. 35 cm2, p &lt; 0.001), and lower total antioxidant status (1.249 mmol\/L vs. 1.579 mmol\/L, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, their diet was rich in saturated fatty acids, but low in dietary fiber as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The group of diabetics reported many inappropriate eating behaviors. The combination of those with the presence of an excessive content of visceral fat tissue and abnormal values of MetS components may negatively affect metabolic control, thus accelerating the development of cardiometabolic complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Relation to Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Dietary Factors among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2230-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Grabia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0716-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Markiewicz-\u017bukowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5949-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Polkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Subdivision of Cardiology, Children\u2019s University Clinical Hospital in Bia\u0142ystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Zasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Subdivision of Cardiology, Children\u2019s University Clinical Hospital in Bia\u0142ystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Boruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Paediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Children\u2019s University Clinical Hospital in Bia\u0142ystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-5342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Bossowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Subdivision of Cardiology, Children\u2019s University Clinical Hospital in Bia\u0142ystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2021 and Projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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