{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:08:10Z","timestamp":1791655690783,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Swedish Research Council","award":["2016\u201301381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201301381"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Research Council","award":["2020-01645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-01645"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Research Council","award":["20210431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210431"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Research Council","award":["20170124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170124"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Research Council","award":["20180568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180568"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Research Council","award":["2019#0055026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019#0055026"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["2016\u201301381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201301381"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["2020-01645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-01645"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["20210431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210431"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["20170124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170124"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["20180568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180568"]}]},{"name":"the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["2019#0055026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019#0055026"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u201301381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201301381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-01645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-01645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20170124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019#0055026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019#0055026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to maintaining normal cardiovascular and renal function. This bioactive signalling molecule is generally formed enzymatically by NO synthase in the vascular endothelium. NO bioactivity can also be attributed to dietary intake of inorganic nitrate, which is abundant in our diet, especially in green leafy vegetables and beets. Ingested nitrate is reduced to nitrite by oral commensal bacteria and further to NO systemically. Previous studies have shown that dialysis, by means of removing nitrate and nitrite from the body, can reduce NO bioactivity. Hence, dietary intervention approaches aimed to boost the nitrate\u2013nitrite\u2013NO pathway may be of benefit in dialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the kinetics of plasma nitrate and nitrite after a single intake of nitrate-rich concentrated beetroot juice (BJ) in adult hemodialysis (HD) patients and in age-matched healthy volunteers (HV). Eight HD patients and seven HV participated in this single center, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Each participant received a sequential single administration of active BJ (70 mL, 400 mg nitrate) and placebo BJ (70 mL, 0 mg nitrate) in a random order separated by a washout period of seven days. For the kinetic analysis, blood samples were collected at different time-points before and up to 44 h after BJ intake. Compared with placebo, active BJ significantly increased plasma nitrate and nitrite levels both in HD patients and HV. The area under the curve and the maximal concentration of plasma nitrate, but not of nitrite, were significantly higher in HD patients as compared with HV. In both groups, active BJ ingestion did not affect blood pressure or plasma potassium levels. Both BJs were well tolerated in all participants with no adverse events reported. Our data provide useful information in planning dietary nitrate supplementation efficacy studies in patients with reduced NO bioactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1655348482000},"page":"2480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Kinetics after Single Intake of Beetroot Juice in Adult Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis and in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Agustina","family":"Heredia-Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199 CABA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Rosa-Diez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199 CABA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge R.","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199 CABA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Karin","family":"Sohlenius-Sternbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), SE-151 36 S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Nihlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon O.","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"Weitzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9923-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattias","family":"Carlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael T.","family":"Krmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.07.002","article-title":"Mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease: Pioneering studies","volume":"98","author":"Floege","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.0375","article-title":"Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Young Adults with End-stage Renal Disease: An Analysis of the US Renal Data System","volume":"4","author":"Modi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00429-z","article-title":"Nitric oxide signalling in kidney regulation and cardiometabolic health","volume":"17","author":"Carlstrom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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