{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:32:20Z","timestamp":1790721140941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stichting Glaucoomfonds"},{"name":"Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden (LSBS)"},{"name":"Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen (RSB)"},{"name":"Stichting Lijf en Leven"},{"name":"Henkes stichtingv"},{"name":"Stichting voor Ooglijders"},{"name":"Stichting Blindenhulp"},{"name":"Erasmus Medical Center"},{"name":"Erasmus University"},{"name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)"},{"name":"the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)"},{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science"},{"name":"the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports"},{"name":"European Commission"},{"name":"the Municipality of Rotterdam"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies suggest that nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and in the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, prospective studies investigating the association between dietary nitrate intake, a source of nitric oxide, and incident (i)OAG risk are limited. We aimed to determine the association between dietary nitrate intake and iOAG, and to evaluate the association between dietary nitrate intake and IOP. From 1991 onwards, participants were followed each five years for iOAG in the Rotterdam Study. A total of 173 participants developed iOAG during follow-up. Cases and controls were matched on age (mean \u00b1 standard deviation: 65.7 \u00b1 6.9) and sex (%female: 53.2) in a case:control ratio of 1:5. After adjustment for potential confounders, total dietary nitrate intake was associated with a lower iOAG risk (odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.95 (0.91\u20130.98) for each 10 mg\/day higher intake). Both nitrate intake from vegetables (OR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.91\u20130.98) for each 10 mg\/day higher intake) and nitrate intake from non-vegetable food sources (OR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.41\u20130.96) for each 10 mg\/day higher intake) were associated with a lower iOAG risk. Dietary nitrate intake was not associated with IOP. In conclusion, dietary nitrate intake was associated with a reduced risk of iOAG. IOP-independent mechanisms may underlie the association with OAG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1655348482000},"page":"2490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dietary Nitrate Intake Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Rotterdam Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6093-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00eblle E.","family":"Vergroesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6869-043X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tosca O. E.","family":"de Crom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren C.","family":"Blekkenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline C. W.","family":"Klaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2830-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trudy","family":"Voortman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1780-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wishal D.","family":"Ramdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. 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