{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:03:01Z","timestamp":1790362981083,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a calorie-restricted (CR) diet on oxidative\/anti-oxidative status in patients with NAFLD and the potential mediating role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) in this regard. This randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out on sixty patients with NAFLD aged 20 to 60 years with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg\/m2. Participants were randomly assigned to either the CR diet group (received a prescribed low-calorie diet for twelve weeks, n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and physical activity data were collected for all participants at baseline and at the end of the trial. Significant reductions in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed in the CR diet group compared to the control group (all p &lt; 0.05). Liver steatosis grade, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and FGF-21, as well as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities did not show significant changes in the CR group when compared to the controls at the end of the study (p &gt; 0.05). CR diet with moderate weight loss has some favorable effects on NAFLD but was not able to modify oxidative\/anti-oxidative status in these patients. Future studies are warranted to target the effects of long-term interventions with a greater weight loss in this patient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T05:25:11Z","timestamp":1655443511000},"page":"2509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of Calorie Restricted Diet on Oxidative\/Antioxidative Status Biomarkers and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0501-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somayyeh","family":"Asghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556117, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556117, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rafraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdiyeh","family":"Taghizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556117, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Asghari-Jafarabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran"},{"name":"Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, 154 Wattletree Rd, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ebadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30251","article-title":"Global Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13643","article-title":"Global epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: What we need in the future","volume":"38","author":"Rosso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9547613","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9547613","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"2018","author":"Masarone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. 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