{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:53Z","timestamp":1787029193082,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2022-301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2022-301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies showed that a low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was associated with a higher risk of morbidity and severe course of COVID-19. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on the clinical features and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19. A serum 25(OH)D level was determined in 311 COVID-19 patients. Among them, 129 patients were then randomized into two groups with similar concomitant medication. Group I (n = 56) received a bolus of cholecalciferol at a dose of 50,000 IU on the first and the eighth days of hospitalization. Patients from Group II (n = 54) did not receive the supplementation. We found significant differences between groups with the preferential increase in serum 25(OH)D level and \u0394 25(OH)D in Group I on the ninth day of hospitalization (p &lt; 0.001). The serum 25(OH)D level on the ninth day was negatively associated with the number of bed days (r = \u22120.23, p = 0.006); we did not observe other clinical benefits in patients receiving an oral bolus of cholecalciferol. Moreover, in Group I, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were significantly higher (p = 0.04; p = 0.02), while the C-reactive protein level was significantly lower on the ninth day of hospitalization (p = 0.02). Patients with supplementation of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol, compared to those without supplementation, showed a decrease in the frequencies of CD38++CD27 transitional and CD27\u2212CD38+ mature naive B cells (p = 0.006 and p = 0.02) and an increase in the level of CD27\u2212CD38\u2212 DN B cells (p = 0.02). Thus, the rise in serum 25(OH)D level caused by vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D insufficient and deficient patients may positively affect immune status and hence the course of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T22:43:00Z","timestamp":1656024180000},"page":"2602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Effect of Cholecalciferol Supplementation on the Clinical Features and Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tatiana L.","family":"Karonova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-7110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia A.","family":"Golovatyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor V.","family":"Kudryavtsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alena T.","family":"Chernikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arina A.","family":"Mikhaylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur D.","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria I.","family":"Lagutina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0584-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina K.","family":"Zaikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Kalinina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7577-628X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey S.","family":"Golovkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeny V.","family":"Shlyakhto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab012","article-title":"Association of Vitamin D status with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kazemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511001991","article-title":"Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults","volume":"106","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. 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