{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:48:07Z","timestamp":1790880487913,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003645","name":"the National Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCC-2211690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCC-2211690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence suggests that diets with high pro-inflammatory potential may play a substantial role in the origin of gastric inflammation. This study aimed to examine the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DIITM) and gastric diseases at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 7.4 years in a Korean population. A total of 144,196 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included. E-DII scores were computed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between the E-DII and gastric disease risk. In the prospective analysis, the risk of developing gastric disease was significantly increased among individuals in the highest quartile of E-DII compared to those in the lowest quartile (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08\u20131.38). Prospective analysis also showed an increased risk in the incidence of gastritis (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04\u20131.37), gastric ulcers (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.16\u20131.85), and gastric and duodenal ulcers (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.17\u20131.81) in the highest E-DII quartile compared to the lowest quartile. In the cross-sectional analysis, the E-DII score was not associated with the risk of gastric disease. Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, indicated by high E-DII scores, is prospectively associated with an increased risk of gastric diseases. These results highlight the significance of an anti-inflammatory diet in lowering the risk of gastric disease risk in the general population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:07:02Z","timestamp":1656374822000},"page":"2662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Disease Risk: Findings from a Korean Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sundara Raj","family":"Sreeja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trong-Dat","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bang Wool","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3678-2772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Hyun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Shivappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0677-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5279-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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