{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:13:05Z","timestamp":1793059985152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education"},{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne vulgaris is diagnosed in the majority of adolescents, decreasing their quality of life, while the diet may influence its aetiology in a gender-dependent manner. The aim of the study was to analyse associations between nutritional behaviours and acne-related quality of life in a population of Polish male adolescents. The study was conducted on a population of Polish secondary school adolescents (a studied sample of 925 adolescents), while the random quota sampling procedure of secondary schools was applied. To assess acne-related quality of life, the Acne Quality of Life (AQoL) Scale and Acne Disability Questionnaire (ADQ) were applied, while the Social Quality of Life (SOCQOL) Score and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) were calculated. To assess the diet, an Acne-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (Acne-FFQ) was applied. Neither for the ADQ results, nor for the CADI calculated on the basis of ADQ, was there an association with dietary intake (p &gt; 0.05). The results of the SOCQOL Score (calculated on the basis of AQoL) were positively correlated with the intake of fish (p = 0.0085; R = 0.1144), salty snacks (p = 0.0495; R = 0.0854), and non-chocolate confectionary (p = 0.0078; R = 0.1156). In a group of respondents declaring any acne-related quality of life problems in AQoL, while compared with those declaring no such problems, higher intakes of dairy beverages other than milk (p = 0.0063), white bread (p &lt; 0.0001), other white cereal products (p &lt; 0.0001), fast foods (p = 0.0006), salty snacks (p &lt; 0.0001), chocolate confectionary (p &lt; 0.0001), and other confectionary (p &lt; 0.0001), but lower intake of wholegrain bread (p = 0.0084) were observed. It may be concluded that acne-related quality of life is associated with dietary intake in a population of Polish male adolescents. In the studied population, the most prominent influencing factors were salty snacks and non-chocolate confectionary, with both of them having a proacnegenic effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T01:48:38Z","timestamp":1656467318000},"page":"2677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between Nutritional Behaviours and Acne-Related Quality of Life in a Population of Polish Male Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"\u0141o\u017cy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8588-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"G\u0142\u0105bska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sutaria, A.H., Masood, S., and Schlessinger, J. (2022, May 30). Acne Vulgaris, StatPearls, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK459173\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.446","article-title":"The global burden of skin disease in 2010: An analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions","volume":"134","author":"Hay","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"13","article-title":"The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence","volume":"7","author":"Lynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adolesc. Health Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"112765","article-title":"Prevalence and quality of life of facial acne: Across-sectional study in high school students in Poland","volume":"38","author":"Szepietowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.190102","article-title":"The Psychosocial Impact of Acne Vulgaris","volume":"61","author":"Hazarika","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.25588.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding and managing acne","volume":"9","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00542-y","article-title":"Effects of Diet on Acne and Its Response to Treatment","volume":"22","author":"Baldwin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15390","article-title":"Diet and acne: Review of the evidence from 2009 to 2020","volume":"60","author":"Nasca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podg\u00f3rska, A., Pu\u015bcion-Jakubik, A., Markiewicz-\u017bukowska, R., Gromkowska-K\u0119pka, K.J., and Socha, K. (2021). Acne Vulgaris and Intake of Selected Dietary Nutrients\u2014A Summary of Information. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9060668"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2022.02.012","article-title":"Diet and acne: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Meixiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAAD Int."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"428","article-title":"Diet in Acne Vulgaris: Open or Solved Problem?","volume":"46","author":"Morze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2022, May 30). The Central Statistical Office in Poland. December 2019, Available online: https:\/\/bdl.stat.gov.pl\/BDL\/dane\/podgrup\/temat."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skolmowska, D., G\u0142\u0105bska, D., and Guzek, D. (2021). Differences in Adolescents\u2019 Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) Scores before and during Pandemic in a Population-Based Sample: Polish Adolescents\u2019 COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051663"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2022, May 30). The Central Statistical Office in Poland. July 2021, Available online: https:\/\/stat.gov.pl\/obszary-tematyczne\/roczniki-statystyczne\/roczniki-statystyczne\/rocznik-demograficzny-2021,3,15.html."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2022, May 14). Polish Ministry of National Education, Available online: https:\/\/rspo.men.gov.pl\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/000155598442773","article-title":"The Development of an Acne Quality of Life Scale: Reliability, Validity, and Relation to Subjective Acne Severity in Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris","volume":"78","author":"Gupta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1992.tb02521.x","article-title":"Practical Use of a Disability Index in the Routine Management of Acne","volume":"17","author":"Motley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20391","article-title":"Clinical experience and psychometric properties of the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI)","volume":"185","author":"Abdelrazik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0142\u0105bska, D., Guzek, D., \u015al\u0105zak, J., and W\u0142odarek, D. (2017). Assessing the Validity and Reproducibility of an Iron Dietary Intake Questionnaire Conducted in a Group of Young Polish Women. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030199"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0142\u0105bska, D., Malowaniec, E., and Guzek, D. (2017). Validity and Reproducibility of the Iodine Dietary Intake Questionnaire Assessment Conducted for Young Polish Women. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070700"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12594","article-title":"Development and validation of the semi-quantitative brief food frequency questionnaire to assess the magnesium intake in young women","volume":"77","author":"Wojtas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, May 30). Process of Translation and Adaptation of Instruments. Available online: https:\/\/www.coursehero.com\/file\/30372721\/WHO-Process-of-translation-and-adaptation-of-instrumentspdf\/."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00564-6","article-title":"Identifying the Impacts of Acne and the Use of Questionnaires to Detect These Impacts: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21799","article-title":"Sex differences in adolescent physical aggression: Evidence from sixty-three low-and middle-income countries","volume":"45","author":"Nivette","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-017-0997-y","article-title":"Trends in the perceived body size of adolescent males and females in Scotland, 1990-2014: Changing associations with mental well-being","volume":"63","author":"Whitehead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12200","article-title":"Salty and spicy food; are they involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris? A case controlled study","volume":"15","author":"Zeid","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halvorsen, J.A., Dalgard, F., Thoresen, M., Bjertness, E., and Lien, L. (2009). Is the association between acne and mental distress influenced by diet? Results from a cross-sectional population study among 3775 late adolescents in Oslo, Norway. BMC Public Health, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-340"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04329.x","article-title":"Acne: Prevalence and relationship with dietary habits in Eskisehir, Turkey","volume":"26","author":"Aksu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"e9277","article-title":"Epidemiology of Acne Vulgaris and Its Association With Lifestyle Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study","volume":"12","author":"Alshammrie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R706","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00250.2017","article-title":"A new paradigm of sodium regulation in inflammation and hypertension","volume":"313","author":"Kirabo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.3.1.13900","article-title":"An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the pathogenesis of acne","volume":"3","author":"Makrantonaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.03.024","article-title":"Differences in Dietary Glycemic Load and Hormones in New York City Adults with No and Moderate\/Severe Acne","volume":"117","author":"Burris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.107","article-title":"A low-glycemic-load diet improves symptoms in acne vulgaris patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.1602","article-title":"Association Between Adult Acne and Dietary Behaviors: Findings From the NutriNet-Sant\u00e9 Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"156","author":"Penso","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0602a05","article-title":"Diet and acne: An exploratory survey study of patient beliefs","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.02.009","article-title":"A Low Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Diet Decreases Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 among Adults with Moderate and Severe Acne: A Short-Duration, 2-Week Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"118","author":"Burris","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046","article-title":"The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic-load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic-load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: A randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2016.59146","article-title":"Significance of diet in treated and untreated acne vulgaris","volume":"33","author":"Kucharska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skolmowska, D., G\u0142\u0105bska, D., and Guzek, D. (2020). Hand Hygiene Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Polish Adolescents in Regions Stratified by COVID-19 Morbidity and by Confounding Variables (PLACE-19 Study): Is There Any Association?. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121011"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guzek, D., Skolmowska, D., and G\u0142\u0105bska, D. (2020). Analysis of Gender-Dependent Personal Protective Behaviors in a National Sample: Polish Adolescents\u2019 COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165770"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05563-1","article-title":"Safe distance, safe patients! Therapeutic management of oncological patients affected by cutaneous and mucosal adverse events during the COVID-19 pandemic: An Italian experience","volume":"28","author":"Cinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14848","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14848","article-title":"COVID-19 related masks increase severity of both acne (maskne) and rosacea (mask rosacea): Multi-center, real-life, telemedical, and observational prospective study","volume":"34","author":"Damiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0142\u0105bska, D., Skolmowska, D., and Guzek, D. (2021). Food Preferences and Food Choice Determinants in a Polish Adolescents\u2019 COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082491"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skolmowska, D., G\u0142\u0105bska, D., and Guzek, D. (2022). Body Mass and Emotional Eating: Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in the Polish Adolescents\u2019 COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040828"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S148499","article-title":"The association between stress and acne among female medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Zari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/13\/2677\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:39:27Z","timestamp":1760139567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/13\/2677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu14132677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14132677","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}}}