{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T18:11:51Z","timestamp":1782238311003,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beef Checkoff","award":["1944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1944"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is conflicting evidence of the roles vitamin D and iron have in isolation and combined in relation to muscle health. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the roles that vitamin D and iron have on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function and how these nutrients are associated with skeletal muscle health in specific populations. Secondary purposes include exploring if low vitamin D and iron status are interrelated with skeletal muscle health and chronic inflammation and reviewing the influence of animal-source foods rich in these nutrients on health and performance. PubMed, Scopus, SPORT Discus, EMBAE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched to determine eligible studies. There was a positive effect of vitamin D on muscle mass, particularly in older adults. There was a positive effect of iron on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Studies reported mixed results for both vitamin D and iron on muscle strength and function. While vitamin D and iron deficiency commonly occur in combination, few studies examined effects on skeletal muscle health and inflammation. Isolated nutrients such as iron and vitamin D may have positive outcomes; however, nutrients within food sources may be most effective in improving skeletal muscle health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T22:43:28Z","timestamp":1656542608000},"page":"2717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Influences of Vitamin D and Iron Status on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1606-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marni","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Consumer Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owen","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cory","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Duarte-Gardea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gi, Y.-M., Jung, B., Kim, K.-W., Cho, J.-H., and Ha, I.-H. 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