{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:24:46Z","timestamp":1789025086238,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK02\/UCSI\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK02\/UCSI\/02\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["REIG-FMS-2020\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REIG-FMS-2020\/010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and Research Excellence &amp; Innovation Grant","award":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK02\/UCSI\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK02\/UCSI\/02\/1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and Research Excellence &amp; Innovation Grant","award":["REIG-FMS-2020\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REIG-FMS-2020\/010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ceramides plays a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier function. Although foregoing evidence supported beneficial effects of topical ceramides for restoration of the skin barrier, studies on oral ceramides are extremely scarce, with most published data collected from in vivo and in vitro models. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rice ceramides (RC) supplementation to improve skin barrier function and as a depigmenting agent through comprehensive clinical assessments. This study investigated the beneficial effects of orally administered RC supplementation in 50 voluntary participants. Skin hydration, firmness and elasticity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), sebum production, pH, and wrinkle severity were assessed at baseline and during monthly follow-up visits. RC supplementation was found to significantly (p &lt; 0.01) improve skin hydration, sebum production, firmness and elasticity, and wrinkle severity for three assessed areas, namely the left cheek, dorsal neck, and right inner forearm. Additionally, RC significantly (p &lt; 0.01) reduced the rates of TEWL, levels of MI and EI. Analyses of data indicated that participants at older age were more responsive towards the effect of RC supplementation. Our findings suggest that RC supplementation can effectively improve skin barrier function, reduce wrinkle severity, and reduce pigmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:21:50Z","timestamp":1656634910000},"page":"2737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ceramides Supplementation on Improving Skin Barrier Functions and Depigmentation: An Open-Label Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Teik Kee","family":"Leo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Nexus Wise Sdn Bhd, Petaling Jaya 47400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5711-4808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenie Sin Sing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9491-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navedur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scunthorpe General Hospital, NHS, Yorkshire and Humber, Scunthorpe DN157BH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9077-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmond Siah Chye","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Keat","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030100212","article-title":"Determination of stratum corneum lipid profile by tape stripping in combination with high-performance thin-layer chromatography","volume":"293","author":"Weerheim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. 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