{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:54:27Z","timestamp":1790290467718,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Livestock Innovation Team of Modern Agriculture Industry Technological System"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Reduced nutrient digestibility due to low-protein (LP) diets occurring in the foregut or hindgut of pigs remains unclear. Methods: Growing barrows (21.7 \u00b1 1.7 kg) were allotted into LP and high-protein (HP) diet treatments. Ileal digesta and feces were collected for in vitro cross-fermentation and microbial sequencing, and cross-feeding assessed nutrient digestibility. Results: No difference in foregut digesta flora and nutrient digestibility between treatments was observed. LP diet caused decreased total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) compared with the HP diet (p &lt; 0.05). The fermentation broth from LP diet-fed pigs induced less full fermentation digestion of DM, OM, crude protein, and GE than HP broth (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, LP broth fermentation presented lower fermentation gas and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generation than HP group (p &lt; 0.05). This situation above may be related to decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Eubacterium_eligens_group, Roseburia, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, which can efficiently ferment nutrients to produce SCFA. Conclusions: Change in the flora caused compromise in hindgut microbial fermentation digestion leads to decreased total tract nutrient digestibility in pigs fed an LP diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T07:51:56Z","timestamp":1657180316000},"page":"2793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Compromised Hindgut Microbial Digestion, Rather Than Chemical Digestion in the Foregut, Leads to Decreased Nutrient Digestibility in Pigs Fed Low-Protein Diets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7198-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangfang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1884841","article-title":"In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation models and their applications in food carbohydrates","volume":"62","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. 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