{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T21:25:08Z","timestamp":1769721908700,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["N42\/DBS\/000167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000167"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["N42\/DBS\/000283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000283"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["06\/IDUB\/2019\/94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06\/IDUB\/2019\/94"]}]},{"name":"The qLIFE Priority Research Area under the program \u201cExcellence Initiative\u2014Research University\u201d at Jagiellonian University","award":["N42\/DBS\/000167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000167"]}]},{"name":"The qLIFE Priority Research Area under the program \u201cExcellence Initiative\u2014Research University\u201d at Jagiellonian University","award":["N42\/DBS\/000283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000283"]}]},{"name":"The qLIFE Priority Research Area under the program \u201cExcellence Initiative\u2014Research University\u201d at Jagiellonian University","award":["06\/IDUB\/2019\/94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06\/IDUB\/2019\/94"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brassica sprouts, as the rich source of dietary glucosinolates, may have a negative effect on thyroid function. In this study, kohlrabi sprouts diet, combined with two models of rat hypothyroidism, was tested. TSH, thyroid hormones and histopathology analysis were completed with the evaluation of immunological, biochemical, haematological parameters, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase in the thyroid, and plasma glutathione peroxidase. A thermographic analysis was also adapted to confirm thyroid dysfunction. The levels of TSH, fT3 and fT4, antioxidant enzyme (GPX) as well as histopathology parameters remained unchanged following kohlrabi sprouts ingestion, only TR activity significantly increased in response to the sprouts. In hypothyroid animals, sprouts diet did not prevent thyroid damage. In comparison with the rats with iodine deficiency, kohlrabi sprouts diet decreased TNF-\u03b1 level. Neither addition of the sprouts to the diet, nor sulfadimethoxine and iodine deficiency, caused negative changes in red blood cell parameters, glucose and uric acid concentrations, or kidney function. However, such a dietary intervention resulted in reduced WBC levels, and adversely interfered with liver function in rats, most likely due to a higher dietary intake of glucosinolates. Moreover, the possible impact of the breed of the rats on the evaluated parameters was indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"2802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Impact of Kohlrabi Sprouts on Various Thyroid Parameters in Iodine Deficiency- and Sulfadimethoxine-Induced Hypothyroid Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4821-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Pa\u015bko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Oko\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzeg\u00f3rzecka 16, 31-531 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Prochownik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Kro\u015bniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7071-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Francik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Health, State Higher Vocational School, Staszica 1, 33-300 Nowy S\u0105cz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4819-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Kryczyk-Kozio\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Grudzi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Tyszka-Czochara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1364-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Malinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116b, 30-149 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116b, 30-149 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5636-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Galanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5101-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Zagrodzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112158","article-title":"Plant constituents and thyroid: A revision of the main phytochemicals that interfere with thyroid function","volume":"152","author":"Giuliani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. 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