{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T05:24:49Z","timestamp":1782019489403,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Coordination of High Education Personnel Formation Programs (CAPES) for the scientific support of P\u00e2mela Mayara de Oliveira","award":["09\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2022"]}]},{"name":"National Coordination of High Education Personnel Formation Programs (CAPES) for the scientific support of P\u00e2mela Mayara de Oliveira","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Coordination of High Education Personnel Formation Programs (CAPES) for the scientific support of P\u00e2mela Mayara de Oliveira","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq) for the scientific support of Renata Puppin Zandonadi and Raquel Bras Assun\u00e7\u00e3o Botelho","award":["09\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq) for the scientific support of Renata Puppin Zandonadi and Raquel Bras Assun\u00e7\u00e3o Botelho","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq) for the scientific support of Renata Puppin Zandonadi and Raquel Bras Assun\u00e7\u00e3o Botelho","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FAPDF","award":["09\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FAPDF","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FAPDF","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["09\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This cross-sectional study aims to assess eating competence (EC\u2014an intra-individual approach to food, behaviors, and attitudes related to food) and aspects related to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in Brazilian adults with gluten-related disorders (GRDs). The research was conducted using an online survey with a self-reported instrument consisting of 40 items, organized into three parts: (I) Socioeconomic and demographic data; (II) the Brazilian version of the Eating Competence Satter Inventory (ec-SI2.0\u2122BR); and (III) questions about adherence and difficulties in following the gluten-free diet. EC was measured by the ecSI2.0\u2122BR instrument, with scores \u226532 were considered competent eaters. The instrument was applied nationwide through the GoogleForms\u00ae platform from 14 February 2022 to 30 March 2022. The publicity for the recruitment was supported by Brazilian celiac local and national associations (Acelbras and Fenacelbra), pages of food services or personal pages of tips and posts about gluten-related disorders, and specialized stores that offer gluten-free foods. The recruitment occurred through social networks (emails, Facebook groups, WhatsApp, and Instagram). A total of 1030 Brazilians with GRDs answered the questionnaire. Most participants were female, aged 40 years or older, with an income &gt;R$3000, and a high education level. The main difficulty regarding adherence to GFD was the high cost of gluten-free foods. Individuals younger than 40 years old had lower EC scores, with no differences between men and women. Increasing socioeconomic status, schooling, and culinary practices increased the total score. Participants who \u201cnever\/almost never\u201d felt socially judged because their diet had higher scores for total EC. Competent eaters GRD individuals (EC \u2265 32) were mostly individuals aged \u226540 y\/o; with income &gt; R$3000; following a GFD; satisfied with purchased gluten-free products; consuming gluten-free products prepared at home, mainly by themselves; who do not feel judged because of the GRD and who feel that they can live a normal life with GRD. Our study showed that individuals who strictly adhere to the GFD have higher scores on eating competence than those who sometimes follow the treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"2815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Eating Competence and Aspects Related to a Gluten-Free Diet in Brazilian Adults with Gluten-Related Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"P\u00e2mela Mayara","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Puppin","family":"Zandonadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9417-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Moreira Veloso","family":"Cutrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Yoshio","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Lopes Nalon","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0369-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel B. A.","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmonta\u00f1a s\/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619844125","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) Guideline for Coeliac Disease and Other Gluten-Related Disorders","volume":"7","author":"Volta","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Eur. 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