{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T16:59:30Z","timestamp":1768669170734,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL","award":["2816PROC9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2816PROC9"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL","award":["2816PROC10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2816PROC10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inadequate consumption of micronutrient-dense and protein-rich foods such as vegetables, legumes and meat is an important contributing cause for anemia and deficiencies of vitamin A and iron in rural communities of Tanzania and Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional status (anthropometrics and hemoglobin) and diets in particular micronutrient intake of female and male pigeon pea farmers from Lindi, Tanzania, and Guru\u00e9, the Zamb\u00e9zia province of Mozambique. A total of 1526 farmers (669 from Tanzania, 857 from Mozambique) were studied, of whom 16% were overweight and 35% were anemic. The highest prevalence of overweight and anemia, at 35% and 48%, was observed in Tanzanian and Mozambican women, respectively. Overall, only a small proportion of women and men reached the recommended daily dietary intake of vitamin A (10%), iron (51%) and zinc (44%). Multiple regression models revealed that dark green leafy vegetables (DGLVs) highly predicted vitamin A intake, whereas legumes in Tanzania and starchy plants in Mozambique were actually the dominant sources of vitamin A. Cereals covered over half of the iron and the zinc intake in both countries. An increased consumption of micronutrient-rich DGLVs and legumes, while reducing the high amounts of refined maize or polished rice, is suggested to counteract the high prevalence of anemia and overweight among smallholder farmers in East and South Eastern Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1658109202000},"page":"2914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anthropometrics, Hemoglobin Status and Dietary Micronutrient Intake among Tanzanian and Mozambican Pigeon Pea Farmers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1929-0100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laila","family":"Eleraky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramula","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, L\u00fario University, Nampula 3100, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, L\u00fario University, Nampula 3100, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadijah","family":"Mbwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 3006, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 M\u00fcncheberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8011-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Stuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008). 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