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We aimed at investigating whether oligonol, a litchi-derived polyphenol, could improve liver steatosis and gut dysbiosis in patients with NAFLD. Adults with grade \u22652 steatosis, defined by an MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) of \u226511%, were randomly assigned to receive either oligonol or placebo for 24 weeks. The alteration in the MRI-PDFF and gut microbiota composition assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were examined. There were 38 patients enrolled (n = 19 in each group). A significant reduction in the MRI-PDFF between week 0 and week 24 was observed in the oligonol group, while there was a non-significant decrease in the placebo group. A significant improvement in alpha-diversity was demonstrated in both of the groups. The oligonol-induced microbiota changes were characterized by reduced abundance of pathogenic bacteria, including Dorea, Romboutsia, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 and Agathobacter, as well as increased abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Akkermansia, Lachnospira, Dialister and Faecalibacterium. In summary, this study is the first to provide evidence that supports that oligonol improves steatosis through the modulation of gut bacterial composition. Our results also support the beneficial and complementary role of oligonol in treating NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1658109202000},"page":"2921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Litchi-Derived Polyphenol Alleviates Liver Steatosis and Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Thananya","family":"Jinato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1649-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maneerat","family":"Chayanupatkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thasinas","family":"Dissayabutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuchit","family":"Chutaputti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2926-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pisit","family":"Tangkijvanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5415-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natthaya","family":"Chuaypen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30251","article-title":"Global Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Le, M.H., Yeo, Y.H., Li, X., Li, J., Zou, B., Wu, Y., Ye, Q., Huang, D.Q., Zhao, C., and Zhang, J. 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