{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:09:00Z","timestamp":1782835740832,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advanced glycated end products (AGEs) accumulate systemically and cause diabetes complications. However, whether noninvasive measurable AGEs are associated with diabetes status and physical functions remains unclear. One hundred and ten patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent outpatient cardiac rehabilitation were included. AGEs scores, using AGEs sensors, were evaluated concomitantly with a physical evaluation, including testing the isometric knee extension strength (IKES) and 6 min walking distance (6MWD). Thirty-three (30%) patients had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM). The AGEs score was not different in the presence of DM history (0.52 \u00b1 0.09 vs. 0.51 \u00b1 0.09, p = 0.768) and was not correlated with blood glucose (r = 0.001, p = 0.995). The AGEs score was positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, r = 0.288, p = 0.004) and negatively correlated with physical functions (IKES, r = \u22120.243, p = 0.011; 6MWD, r = \u22120.298, p = 0.002). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that 6MWD was independently associated with a high AGEs score (&gt;0.52). The AGEs score was associated with HbA1c, IKES, and 6MWD in patients with CVD. The AGEs score might be a useful indicator for evaluating not only glycemic control but also physical functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T01:42:13Z","timestamp":1658713333000},"page":"3032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated with Diabetes Status and Physical Functions in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Hirai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9110-4440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Fujiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0375, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1627-305X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2611-8651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohki","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3890-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minako","family":"Yamaoka-Tojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Inomata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyo","family":"Shigeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Tojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku 108-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000024413.15949.ED","article-title":"Prediction of long-term prognosis in 12,169 men referred for cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"106","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.6.836","article-title":"Lilly Lecture 1993 Glycation and Diabetic Complications","volume":"43","author":"Brownlee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.09.007","article-title":"The relationships between cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Focus on pathogenesis","volume":"43","author":"Kovacic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol. 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