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University","award":["2022JJ40207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ40207"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Central South University","award":["kq2202470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq2202470"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Central South University","award":["1053320215987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1053320215987"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study attempted to learn the association between maternal betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) gene polymorphisms, maternal dietary habits, and their interactions with the risk of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in offspring. A total of 426 mothers of VSD children and 740 control mothers were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the level of associations and interaction effects. Our study suggested that mothers reporting excessive intake of smoked foods (aOR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.89\u20133.13), barbecued foods (aOR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.39\u20132.48), fried foods (aOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.51\u20132.46), and pickled vegetables (aOR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.92\u20133.25) were at a significantly higher risk of VSD in offspring, instead, mothers reporting regular intake of fresh fruits (aOR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.36\u20130.62), fish and shrimp (aOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.28\u20130.44), fresh eggs, (aOR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.45\u20130.71), beans (aOR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.56\u20130.83), and milk products (aOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.56\u20130.80) were at a lower risk of VSD in offspring. In addition, maternal BHMT gene polymorphisms at rs1316753 (CG vs. CC: aOR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.43\u20132.83) and rs1915706 (CT vs. TT: (aOR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.33\u20132.46) were significantly associated with increased risk of VSD in offspring. Furthermore, a significant interaction between BHMT polymorphisms and maternal bean intake was identified in the study. In conclusion, Maternal BHMT polymorphisms at rs1316753 and rs1915706, dietary habits as well as their interaction were observed to be significantly associated with the risk of VSD in offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1659048206000},"page":"3094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association and Interaction Effect of BHMT Gene Polymorphisms and Maternal Dietary Habits with Ventricular Septal Defect in Offspring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Manjun","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hunan Children\u2019s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Senmao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4941-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taowei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9360-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiabi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"},{"name":"National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410028, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz009","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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