{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:17:27Z","timestamp":1784956647929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council with funds from the National Treasury under its Economic Competitiveness and Support Package (MRC-RFA-UFSP-01\u20132013\/VMH Study)","award":["115450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115450"]}]},{"name":"South African National Research Foundation","award":["115450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115450"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D reportedly plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus; however, this role is unclear and debated. This study investigated the association between 25(OH) vitamin D, vitamin D-binding proteins, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in healthy individuals and those with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) from South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving subjects of mixed ancestry aged \u226520 years. Males presented with higher mean 25(OH) vitamin D levels than females, while females exhibited significantly higher serum vitamin D-binding protein levels. Significant differences in mean 25(OH) vitamin D levels were observed in normo-glycaemic, prediabetes, screen-detected DM, and known DM individuals. Vitamin D receptor SNPs Fok1 and Taq1 were not associated with glycaemic status. Fok1 was not associated with 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency, while Taq1 was associated with vitamin D insufficiency. This study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency\/insufficiency in this South African population, with decreased vitamin D levels observed in hyperglycaemic individuals, which was not linked to either vitamin D-binding protein or polymorphisms in Fok1 of the VDR gene. These results may be used as a platform for further research into diagnosis and treatment of hyperglycaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T04:04:00Z","timestamp":1659326640000},"page":"3147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vitamin D, Vitamin D-Binding Proteins, and VDR Polymorphisms in Individuals with Hyperglycaemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Erasmus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Chemical Pathology Division, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2881-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setjie","family":"Maepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Chemical Pathology Division, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Machingura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saarah","family":"Davids","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanel","family":"Raghubeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5251-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tandi","family":"Matsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2704","article-title":"The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What clinicians need to know","volume":"96","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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