{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:10:36Z","timestamp":1769580636424,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the severity of COVID-19. The role of vitamin D in pregnant women with COVID-19 has been poorly investigated to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D in affecting some clinical features in pregnancy between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients. Methods: Vitamin D pathway related polymorphisms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were quantified in pregnant women followed from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency was considered with values \u2264 30 ng\/mL. Results: In total, 160 women were enrolled: 23 resulted positive for at least one SARS-CoV-2 related test (molecular swab or antibody tests). Vitamin D-associated polymorphisms were able to affect vitamin D levels in SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive subjects: remarkably, all the VDR TaqICC genotype patients were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In a sub-population (118 patients), vitamin D levels correlated with pregnancy-related factors, such as alpha-fetoprotein levels. Third-trimester vitamin D levels were lower in preterm births compared to full-term pregnancy: this trend was highlighted for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating a role of vitamin D in affecting the clinical characteristics of pregnant women during the COVID-19 era. Further studies in larger and different cohorts of patients are required to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T09:42:56Z","timestamp":1660124576000},"page":"3275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pregnancy and COVID-19: The Possible Contribution of Vitamin D"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Manca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0563-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0860-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Palermiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Antonucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa Delia","family":"De Vivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Ianniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8398-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Borella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7734-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Roberto","family":"Carosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Corcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8338-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Giuseppe","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"D\u2019Avolio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1977-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Cusato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587269","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.587269","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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