{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:23:00Z","timestamp":1792290180777,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the placental lesions in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders (HDP) and\/or fetal growth restriction (FGR) and in uneventful control pregnancies. Methods: This is a case control study that included singleton pregnancies with HDP and normally grown fetus (HDP-AGA fetus), with HDP and FGR, early FGR, late FGR, and uneventful pregnancies. Feto-placental Doppler velocimetry and sFlt-1\/PlGF ratio were performed. Placental histology was evaluated blinded according to the Amsterdam Consensus criteria. Results: Placental lesions with maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) were significantly more frequent in HDP-FGR and early FGR (92% and 83%). MVM were significantly associated with abnormal feto-placental Doppler parameters, especially in early FGR. Delayed villous maturation (DVM) was associated with late FGR (83%). HDP-AGA fetus cases presented a heterogeneous pattern of placental lesions, including 60% of cases with MVM, but were not associated with abnormal Doppler feto-placental velocimetry. Conclusions: We found a prevalence of placental maternal vascular malperfusion in HDP-FGR and early FGR groups. These lesions were also associated with abnormal, anti-, and angiogenic markers. Conversely HDP-AGA fetus and late FGR presented more heterogeneous placental lesions not severe enough to cause feto-placental Doppler anomalies. These conditions are likely associated with different etiologies, such as maternal pre-pregnancy risk factors for metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest a possible preventive nutritional approach in addition to low-dose aspirin in pregnant women with predisposing factors for HDP-AGA fetuses and late FGR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T05:43:57Z","timestamp":1660196637000},"page":"3276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Fetal Growth Restriction: Clinical Characteristics and Placental Lesions and Possible Preventive Nutritional Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0229-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Denis","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-7578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Avagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5243-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Ferrazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Community Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fus\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Sterpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Parasiliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Stampalija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zullino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pisan University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), Sant\u2019Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano Pietro","family":"Bulfamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Human Pathology, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Di Maso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology \u201cG.A. Maccacaro\u201d, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5130-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"D\u2019Ambrosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.007","article-title":"Preeclampsia; short and long-term consequences for mother and neonate","volume":"102","author":"Bokslag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Hum. 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