{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:21:25Z","timestamp":1790277685800,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to clarify the vitamin D (VD) effect on male infertility. Our research was conducted using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library. Selection criteria included all published randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies, focusing on vitamin D and male reproductive function. The results showed that the effects of VD on male reproduction has been investigated in three different topics: the molecular mechanism underlying VD effects on semen quality (SQ), the relationship between VD levels and SQ, and the effect of VD supplementation on SQ. Results supported the hypothesis of a relevant interrelation between concentrations of male VD and semen parameters, with particular reference to sperm motility; on the contrary, evidence on the effect of VD on male sex steroid hormone levels was inconclusive. The results of this review hold up the thesis that VD plays a role in male reproduction. Most of the data highlighted a positive effect on semen quality, particularly in sperm motility, both in fertile and infertile men. Additional dedicated studies are required to elucidate the still controversial aspects of this topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T05:43:57Z","timestamp":1660196637000},"page":"3278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Vitamin D and Male Reproduction: Updated Evidence Based on Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-986X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Calagna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVilla Sofia Cervello\u201d Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Catinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cFondazione per gli Studi sulla Riproduzione Umana\u201d\u2013Clinica Candela, Via Valerio Villareale 54, 90141 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4706-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Polito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVilla Sofia Cervello\u201d Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2994-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Schiattarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"De Franciscis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cal\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cFondazione per gli Studi sulla Riproduzione Umana\u201d\u2013Clinica Candela, Via Valerio Villareale 54, 90141 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Perino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Palermo, Via G. 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