{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:32:25Z","timestamp":1780068745569,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010613","name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111TMU-TMUH-05-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111TMU-TMUH-05-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010613","name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111-2410-H-038 -019-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2410-H-038 -019-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111TMU-TMUH-05-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111TMU-TMUH-05-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111-2410-H-038 -019-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2410-H-038 -019-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and aims: Digital food viewing is a vital skill for connecting dieticians to e-health. The aim of this study was to integrate a novel pedagogical framework that combines interactive three- (3-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) food models into a formal dietetic training course. The level of agreement between the digital food models (first semester) and the effectiveness of educational integration of digital food models during the school closure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (second semester) were evaluated. Method: In total, 65 second-year undergraduate dietetic students were enrolled in a nutritional practicum course at the School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University (Taipei, Taiwan). A 3-D food model was created using Agisoft Metashape. Students\u2019 digital food viewing skills and receptiveness towards integrating digital food models were evaluated. Results: In the first semester, no statistical differences were observed between 2-D and 3-D food viewing skills in food identification (2-D: 89% vs. 3-D: 85%) and quantification (within \u00b110% difference in total calories) (2-D: 19.4% vs. 3-D: 19.3%). A Spearman correlation analysis showed moderate to strong correlations of estimated total calories (0.69~0.93; all p values &lt; 0.05) between the 3-D and 2-D models. Further analysis showed that students who struggled to master both 2-D and 3-D food viewing skills had lower estimation accuracies than those who did not (equal performers: 28% vs. unequal performers:16%, p = 0.041), and interactive 3-D models may help them perform better than 2-D models. In the second semester, the digital food viewing skills significantly improved (food identification: 91.5% and quantification: 42.9%) even for those students who struggled to perform digital food viewing skills equally in the first semester (equal performers: 44% vs. unequal performers: 40%). Conclusion: Although repeated training greatly enhanced students\u2019 digital food viewing skills, a tailored training program may be needed to master 2-D and 3-D digital food viewing skills. Future study is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital food models for future \u201ceHealth\u201d care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T03:33:20Z","timestamp":1660534400000},"page":"3313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["COVID-19 and Virtual Nutrition: A Pilot Study of Integrating Digital Food Models for Interactive Portion Size Education"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dang Khanh Ngan","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chieh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Surgery Co., Ltd., Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4638-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan-Chun","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ta","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Surgery Co., Ltd., Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Kuo","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Ta","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Quoc Khanh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung Trong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nutrition Counselling, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi 113000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi 12319, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Yueh","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8608-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Su","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity (CTSSO), Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.104522","article-title":"A systematic review of recall errors associated with portion size estimation aids in children","volume":"147","author":"Weltert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"How well do adolescents determine portion sizes of foods and beverages?","volume":"15","author":"Steyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asia Pac. 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