{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:24:38Z","timestamp":1773818678298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NIMHD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD008149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD008149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: 25-hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D)-deficiency is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD). African Americans (AAs) suffer disproportionately from CKD and CVD, and 80% of AAs are Vit D-deficient. The impact of Vit D repletion on cardio-renal biomarkers in AAs is unknown. We examined Vit D repletion on full-length osteopontin (flOPN), c-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which are implicated in vascular and kidney pathology. Methods: We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study of high-risk AAs with Vit D deficiency, treated with 100,000 IU Vit D3 (cholecalciferol; n = 65) or placebo (n = 65) every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. We measured kidney function (CKD-EPI eGFR), protein-to-creatinine ratio, vascular function (pulse wave velocity; PWV), augmentation index, waist circumference, sitting, and 24-h-ambulatory blood pressure (BP), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and serum calcium at baseline and study end, and compared Vit D levels with laboratory variables. We quantified plasma FGF-23, PAI-1, and flOPN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple regression analyzed the relationship between log flOPN, FGF-23, and PAI-1 with vascular and renal risk factors. Results: Compared to placebo, Vit D3 repletion increased Vit D3 2-fold (p &lt; 0.0001), decreased iPTH by 12% (p &lt; 0.01) and was significantly correlated with PWV (p &lt; 0.009). Log flOPN decreased (p = 0.03), log FGF-23 increased (p = 0.04), but log PAI-1 did not change. Multiple regression indicated association between log flOPN and PWV (p = 0.04) and diastolic BP (p = 0.02), while log FGF-23 was associated with diastolic BP (p = 0.05), and a trend with eGFR (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Vit D3 repletion may reduce flOPN and improve vascular function in high risk AAs with Vit D deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T03:33:20Z","timestamp":1660534400000},"page":"3331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vitamin D3 Repletion Improves Vascular Function, as Measured by Cardiorenal Biomarkers in a High-Risk African American Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Satyesh K.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Didero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith C.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan-Xiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Hye","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sayre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health, National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Beatriz","family":"Carpio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne B.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5333.1827","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase and vitamin D synthesis","volume":"277","author":"Takeyama","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.115","article-title":"Age and sex differences in the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hypertension in the general Korean population","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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