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However, it is unclear whether the dietary inflammatory potential is associated with PAD. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was obtained using a 24-h dietary recall interview for each individual. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were performed to assess the relationship of DII with the prevalence of PAD. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis and subgroup analysis were also undertaken. In total, 5840 individuals from the 1999\u20132004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were enrolled in our study. Participants in higher DII quartile tended to have higher rates of PAD. The increase in DII scores showed a positive association with PAD after fully multivariate adjustment (OR (odds ratios) = 1.094, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.022\u20131.171). The multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI of the highest DII index quartile compared with the lowest quartile was 1.543 (95% CI: 1.116\u20132.133). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the positive association between DII and PAD was persistent across population subgroups. In conclusion, we report that a proinflammatory dietary pattern is related to a higher risk of developing PAD among US adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T02:04:32Z","timestamp":1661479472000},"page":"3490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Proinflammatory Diet Is Associated with Higher Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heze","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peizhu","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuyi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.918417","article-title":"Inflammation in peripheral artery disease","volume":"122","author":"Brevetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.033","article-title":"Update on peripheral artery disease: Epidemiology and evidence-based facts","volume":"275","author":"Shu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.012","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease: A systematic review","volume":"293","author":"Agnelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2015.10.022","article-title":"The Risk of Disease Progression in Peripheral Arterial Disease is Higher than Expected: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Disease Progression in Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"51","author":"Sigvant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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